Echocardiographic Evaluation of Left Atrial Mechanics: Function, History, Novel Techniques, Advantages, and Pitfalls

Figure 4

Pitfalls of the E/A and ratio measured using PW-Doppler and TDI. Different values for diastolic dysfunction when measurements are performed using (a) PW-Doppler; (b) TDI measurement of lateral mitral valve annulus motion; (c) TDI measurement moved light to the lateral LV wall.

(a)

(b)

(c)