Source(s) Ti type Surface treatment Findings Average roughness Ra (µ m)
Knabe et al.9 ] CP-Ti Plasma spray Ti coating, acid etching, and sandblasting
All implants except HA coating surface showed good growth cells. Ti coating HA coating HA coating
Depprich et al. [11 ] ZrO2 Acid etching Acid etched surface shows similar properties of osseointegration with titanium implant. 0.598 Ti Acid etching 1.77 Hung17 ] CP-Ti Plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) Treated implants indicate high biocompatibility for bone regeneration of titanium implants. Sa 9.36
Eom et al. [18 ]
Ti (1) Blasting HA
Hybrid type coating shows higher bone implant contact and removal torque value ( 1.2–1.8 (2) Blasting and dual acid etching (SLA) 2.5–3.0 (3) hybrid-type coating with HA and blasting 3.0–3.5 Darimont et al. [30 ] CP-Ti HA coating HA coating exhibited higher value of bone contact and accelerated the formation of bone. NR Simmons et al. [32 ] CP-Ti Sintered porous surface The adhesion properties of the porous surface implants are more stiffer and stronger than plasma sprayed implants NR Xie et al.33 ] CP-Ti Plasma sprayed dicalcium silicate/ ZrO2 Higher ZrO2 content coating layer exhibits smaller dissolution and lesser degree of degradation. NR
Aparicio et al. [34 ] CP-Ti (1) Acid etching
Blasted and alkaline etched plus thermal formed rough and bioactive surface lead to accelerate bone tissue regeneration and increased mechanical retention in the bone. (2) Grit blasting (3) Grit blasted and alkaline etched + thermos chemical treatment Ban et al. [35 ] CP-Ti Acid etching with variable parameter (temperature and time) Surface roughness increased as temperature and time increased. 0.44–3.51
Velasco-Ortega 36 ] CP-Ti Sandblasting with alumina and nitric acid etching (SLA) After surface treatment, cpTi implant achieved high biocompatibility with no cytotoxic. NR Yang et al. [48 ] Ti YSZ plasma spray After acid etching, the Ti surface is roughened and may enhance the osseointegration.
Al-Radha et al. [53 ]
Ti (1) Blasting with ZrO2
Blasted ZrO2 surface showed a very good effect on adhesion reducing almost similar to pure ZrO2 properties. (2) Blasting with ZrO2 and acid etching (SLA) Chou and 55 ] Ti Grit blasting with alumina and then ZrO2 sprayed plasma ZrO2 bond coat promotes adhesion mechanism for Ti substrate. NR Simon 56 ] cpTi Ti plasma spray Surface roughness by Ti coating may optimize the osseointegration and enhance the clinical function.
