Animal Models for the Study of Rodent-Borne Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses: Arenaviruses and Hantaviruses

Table 1

Prototypical human pathogenic arenavirus strains and their origin.

Virus	Strain	Origin	Passage history	Animal model	Notes, type of model	Reference
LASV	Josiah (Jos)	Sierra Leone (1976), human isolate	4 passages (P) in Vero cell at low MOI	Guinea pig, NHP	MCM evaluation, pathogenesis	[100]
	Soromba-R (Sor)	Mali (2010), Mastomys natalensis	2 P Vero E6	NHP	Pathogenesis	[101]
	Z-132	Liberia (1984), human isolate	<4 P Vero E6	NHP	Pathogenesis	[102]
JUNV	Romero (Rom); (P3235)	Argentina (1986), severe nonfatal human infection (hemorrhagic/neurological)	2 PMRC-5 cells, 1P Vero cells	Guinea pig, NHP	MCM evaluation, pathogenesis	[81]
	Romero	cDNA encoding prototypical Romero genome	Transfection BHK-21 cells, Vero cell propagation	Guinea pig	Pathogenesis	[103]
	MC2	Argentina (1967), Calomys musculinus,	1 P MB, 1 P Vero cells, and 1 P BHK cells	Guinea pig	Pathogenesis	[104]
	XJ	Argentina (1958), human infection	1 P mouse brain, 1 P guinea pig, 1 P mouse brain, 1 P Vero cells, and 1 P BHK cell	Guinea pig	MCM evaluation, pathogenesis	[105]
	Espindola (Esp); (P3790)	Argentina (1986), fatal human (hemorrhagic)	2 PMRC-5 cells, 1 P Vero cells	NHP	Pathogenesis, hemorrhagic disease in NHPs	[106]
	Ledesma (LED); (P3406)	Argentina (1986), fatal human (neurological)	2 PMRC-5 cells, 1 P Vero cells	NHP	Pathogenesis, neurological disease in NHPs	[106]
	Candid#1	Attenuated, vaccine strain	Derived from XJ44, passage continued 2 P guinea pig, 44 P mouse brain, and 19 P FRhL cells	Mice, Guinea pig, NHP	MCM evaluation, pathogenesis	[107]
MACV	Carvallo (Car)	Bolivia (1963), fatal human isolate	2-3 P suckling hamster brain	Guinea pig, NHP	MCM evaluation, pathogenesis	[94]
	Chicava (Chi)	Bolivia (1993), fatal human isolate	2 P Vero E6	Guinea pigs, NHP	Pathogenesis	[97]
GTOV	95551	Venezuela (1990), human isolate	2 P mouse brain, 1 passage Vero cells	Guinea pigs	MCM evaluation, pathogenesis	[98, 99]
LUJO	Wild-type	South Africa (2008), human isolate	5 P Vero E6	Guinea pigs, NHP	Pathogenesis	[108]
	Recombinant	cDNA derived from wild-type virus	Transfection BHK-21 cells, Vero cell propagation	Guinea pigs	Pathogenesis	[108]