In Silico Identification of Highly Conserved Epitopes of Influenza A H1N1, H2N2, H3N2, and H5N1 with Diagnostic and Vaccination Potential

Figure 4

Three-dimensional localization of consensus epitopes. The protein structures are shown in green, and the conserved epitopes are shown as blue, yellow, and cyan spheres. The mutations within the consensus epitopes, compared to the current strains, are shown as red spheres. (a) [PDB: 2WR3] HA H1N1 in blue ¹²⁷SVSSFERFEIFPK¹³⁶; in cyan ³³³VTGLRNIPSIQSRGL³⁴⁶ (b) [PDB: 2WRD] HA H2N2 in blue ²⁰⁴LYQNVGTYVSVGTST²¹⁸; in yellow ²⁵⁵FESTGNLIAPEYGFKIS²⁷¹; in cyan ³³⁷IESRGLFGAIAGFIEGGWQ³⁵⁵ (c) [PDB: 2YP2] HA H3N2 in blue ¹¹³CYPYDVPDYASLRS¹²⁶; in cyan ³²⁴YVKQNTLKLA³³³ (d) [PDB: 4BGW] HA H5N1 in yellow ²²⁹IATRSKVNGQSGRM²⁴³ (e) [PDB: 4B7J] NA H1N1 in blue ⁹⁶GWAIYSKDNNS¹⁰⁶; in yellow ²⁰⁶LKYNGIITETIKSW²¹⁹ (f) [PDB: 4GZQ] NA H3N2 in yellow ³¹⁴SSYVCSGLVGDTPR³²⁷ (g) [PDB: 4B7J] NA H5N1 in blue ¹⁰⁵SHLECRTFFLTQGALLNDKH¹²⁴; in cyan ²³⁴KIFKMEKGKVVKSVEL²⁴⁹ (h) NP H5N1 in blue ¹⁹²ELIRMIKRGINDRNFWR²⁰⁸; in yellow ²⁶¹RSALILRGSVAHKSCL²⁷⁶; in cyan ⁴⁰¹ASAGQISVQPTFSVQRN⁴¹⁷(i) [PDB: 2RLF] M2 H1N1 in blue ²⁹AASIIGILHLIL⁴⁰; in yellow ⁵¹ITRLFKHGLK⁶⁰.

(a) HA H1N1

(b) HA H2N2

(c) HA H3N2

(d) HA H5N1

(e) NA H1N1

(f) NA H3N2

(g) NA H5N1

(h) NP H5N1

(i) M2 H1N1