|
| Drugs | Administration route | Dosage | Efficacy | Toxicity |
|
Pentavalent antimonials
[1, 10–20] | IM, IV, or IL | 20 mg/kg/day (28–30 days) | 35–95%
(depending on area) | Severe cardiotoxicity, pancreatitis, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity |
|
Amphotericin B
[1, 15, 16, 21–23, 40] | IV | 0.75–1 mg/kg/day (15–20 days, daily or alternately) | >90% | Severe nephrotoxicity, infusion-related reactions, hypokalemia, high fever |
|
Liposomal amphotericin B
[22, 23, 55–58] | IV | 10–30 mg/kg total dose (single dose 3–5 mg/kg/dose) | >97% | Mild rigors and chills during infusion
Mild nephrotoxicity (infrequent and mild) |
|
Miltefosine
[1, 16, 30–32, 45, 48, 49] | Oral | 100–150 mg/day (28 days) | Asia: 94% (India); Africa: 60%–93% | Vomiting and diarrhoea, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity |
|
Paromomycin
[1, 27–29, 45] | IM (VL) or topic (CL) | 15 mg/day (21 days) or 20 mg/kg (17 days) | 94% (India) 46–85% (Africa) | Severe nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, hepatotoxicity |
|
Pentamidine
[1, 16, 20, 24–26] | IM | 3 mg/kg/day IM every other day for 4 injections | 35–96% (depending on Leishmania species) | High rate of hyperglycemia, as a result of pancreatic damage; hypotension, tachycardia, and electrocardiographic changes |
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