Job Strain and Self-Reported Insomnia Symptoms among Nurses: What about the Influence of Emotional Demands and Social Support?

Table 1

Description of the whole group; bivariate analysis between sample characteristics and self-reported insomnia symptoms, based on chi-square tests. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2011.

Sample characteristics	Whole group		Without insomnia symptoms		With insomnia symptoms
		%		%		%
Age							0.003
≤34 years	1153	35.7	799	38.1	354	30.9
35–54 years	1755	54.4	1131	53.9	624	35.9
≥55 years	277	8.6	167	8.0	110	40.1
Sex							0.013
Male	411	12.7	294	13.8	117	28.8
Female	2818	87.3	1839	86.2	979	35.1
Race							0.730
Black	347	10.7	222	10.6	125	36.2
White	1775	55.0	1181	56.2	594	33.7
Mixed	956	29.6	624	29.7	332	35.2
Others	113	3.5	73	3.5	40	35.7
Per capita income per month							0.070
≤US$1,740	877	27.2	559	27.8	318	36.5
US$1,741–US$3,050	1194	37.0	783	38.9	411	34.9
≥US$3,051	978	30.3	671	33.3	307	31.6
Education level							0.224
University degree	795	24.6	537	25.6	258	33.0
Postgraduation	2165	67.0	1403	66.8	762	35.4
Master’s or PhD	231	7.2	160	7.6	71	30.9
Marital status							0.016
Married/cohabiting	1833	56.8	1180	56.1	653	36.1
Divorced/separated	593	18.4	387	18.4	206	35.5
Never married/cohabiting	764	23.7	535	25.5	229	30.1
Children < 6 years							<0.001
Yes	587	18.2	349	16.7	238	40.7
No	2583	80.0	1740	83.3	843	33.0
Working hours							0.032
<40 hours	753	23.3	472	21.5	281	37.5
40–59 hours	1565	48.5	1277	58.1	288	31.6
≥60 hours	789	24.4	449	20.4	340	33.0
Night work							0.085
Current night work	1979	61.3	1329	62.3	650	33.2
Former night work	1036	32.1	657	30.8	379	37.0
Never night work	214	6.6	147	6.9	67	31.8
BMI							0.004
Underweight	39	1.2	21	1.0	18	46.2
Normal weight	1426	44.2	982	47.9	444	31.2
Overweight	1001	31.0	654	31.9	347	35.0
Obese	633	19.6	391	19.1	242	38.4
Physical activity							<0.001
Yes	1017	31.5	726	34.3	291	28.8
No	2182	67.6	1389	65.7	793	36.7
Risk of alcohol consumption							0.009
No risk	1083	33.5	679	40.1	404	34.1
Low risk	1563	48.4	961	56.8	602	33.3
High risk	119	3.7	53	3.1	66	45.8
Smoking habits							<0.001
Nonsmoker	2424	75.1	1637	77.4	787	32.8
Ex-smoker	501	15.5	319	15.1	182	36.5
Smoker	281	8.7	160	7.6	121	43.5
Coffee intake							<0.001
No coffee	672	20.8	464	22.1	208	31.1
≤3 cups per day	1452	45.0	988	47.0	464	32.2
>3 cups per day	1057	32.7	648	30.9	409	39.2