Renin-Angiotensin Activation and Oxidative Stress in Early Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Table 2

Oxidative stress markers and ACE activity in study population.

	Cases	Controls	value
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Oxidative stress measures
() CyS	70.1 ± 7.8	50.3 ± 11.6	0.001
() GSH	118.8 ± 14.0	118.4 ± 16.5	0.9
DROMs^±	375.2 ± 132.4	474.5 ± 167.5	0.02
IsoP^€	15 ×   ± 6 × 10^2	73 × 10^2± 32 × 10^2	0.03
ACE measures
ACE-HHL^‡	42.6 ± 9.6	36.8 ± 9	0.1
ACE-ZPHL^‡	39.0 ± 8.7	36.2 ± 8.9	0.4
ACE PROT	134.5 ± 38.2	101.9 ± 22.2	0.03

mV; ^±Carr units; ^€pg/mL; ^‡mU/mL; percentage (%); DD: diastolic dysfunction; CyS: redox potential of reduced to oxidized cysteine (negative); GSH: redox potential of reduced to oxidized glutathione (negative); DROMs: derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites; IsoPs: isoprostanes; ACE-HHL: angiotensin converting enzyme activity measured using Hip-His-Leu (HHL) substrate; ACE-ZPHL: angiotensin converting enzyme activity measured using Z-Phe-His-Leu (ZPHL) substrate; ACE PROT: angiotensin converting enzyme protein levels.