Research Article

CMP-Neu5Ac Hydroxylase Null Mice as a Model for Studying Metabolic Disorders Caused by the Evolutionary Loss of Neu5Gc in Humans

Table 2

Classification of genes identified in Cmah-functional analysis.

Biological groupPathwayGenes (fold change)

Protein metabolism and modification
()
Protein modificationPrmt3 (1.57), P4ha1 (1.53), Ptpn11 (1.66), Mapk9 (1.57), 1500003O03Rik (1.53), Man2a1 (1.71), Siat9 (1.70), St3gal5 (1.61), St6gal1 (−2.02), Trib3 (−1.93), Ppm1k (−1.56), Sgk1 (−2.53), and Plxna2 (−1.64)
Protein foldingHsp105 (2.75), Hspb1 (1.64), Tcp1 (1.63), Dnajb1 (1.55), Ero1lb (1.71), Hspa8 (3.15), Hspb1 (2.11), Hsp90ab1 (2.02), LOC666904 (2.22), D3Ucla1 (1.79), Hspa2 (1.69), Hsp90ab1 (1.53), Fkbp5 (1.99), Irak2 (1.55), Camk2b (1.66), Bmx (1.50), Egfr (1.75), and Clpx (−1.59)
ProteolysisUsp2 (3.98), Serpina12 (3.64), Serpina5 (1.61), Serpina1e (1.57), Rhbdl1 (1.56), C1s (1.52), Ahsa1 (1.68), Ppid (1.63), Bag3 (1.62), Cul4a (1.53), Serpina7 (−1.66), Serpinf2 (−1.65), Usp18 (−1.62), Itih2 (−1.61), Ulk1 (−1.54), Casp6 (−1.60), and Mug2 (−1.56)
Protein biosynthesisMrps21 (1.59), Eef2 (1.58), Eif4b (1.50), and Eif4ebp3 (2.76)

Carbohydrate metabolism
()
GlycolysisGck (2.10), Pklr (1.69)
Glycogen metabolismGys2 (1.92), Ppp1r3b (1.62), Pygl (1.54), and G6pc (−1.78)
Other glycogen metabolismsMan2a1 (1.71), Adh7 (1.67), and Tkt (2.14)
Carbohydrate transportSlc35b1 (1.57)
Monosaccharide metabolismKhk (1.68), Galt (−1.53), and Gnpda1 (−1.50)
Other polysaccharide metabolismsSt3gal5 (1.61), Siat9 (1.70)

Immunity and defense
()
T-cell-mediated immunityLOC56628 (2.05), H2-Q8 (1.72), H2-Q10 (1.52), Bmx (1.50), Raet1b (−1.63), Fkbp5 (1.99), Cxcl1 (1.60), and Gstt3 (−1.56)
Macrophage-mediated immunityCish (1.92), Sdc4 (−1.65)
Complement-mediated immunityC6 (5.13), C9 (1.87), C8b (1.53), C1s (1.52), and Cfp (−1.51)
Stress responseHspa8 (3.15), Hspb1 (2.11), Hsp90ab1 (2.02), LOC666904 (2.02), D3Ucla1 (1.79), Hspa2 (1.69), Ahsa1 (1.68), and Hsp90ab1 (1.53)
DetoxificationGata1 (3.02), Gstp1 (2.75), Gsta3 (1.73), Gsta2 (1.59), and Gstm1 (1.55)