Research Article

The Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors in Bhutan, Vietnam, and Myanmar Is Related to Gastric Cancer Incidence

Table 4

Helicobacter pylori virulence factors and gastritis scores in patients with gastritis in three countries.

BhutanVietnamMyanmar

1617666
Mean age36.8 ± 13.444.1 ± 12.740.1 ± 11.7
Male66(41.0%)30(39.5%)27(40.9%)
cagA 161(100.0%)72(94.7%)59(89.4%)
vacA s1161(100.0%)76(100.0%)64(97.0%)
vacA m1122(75.8%)32(42.1%)58(87.9%)
jhp0562-positive158(98.1%)74(97.4%)64(97.0%)
β-(1,3)galT-positive29(18.0%)10(13.2%)47(71.2%)
jhp0562-positive/β-(1,3)galT-negative132(82.0%)66(86.8%)19(28.8%)
jhp0562-negative/β-(1,3)galT-positive3(1.9%)2(2.6%)2(3.0%)
Double-positive of jhp0562 and β-(1,3)galT 26(16.1%)8(10.5%)45(68.2%)
cagA/vacA s1m1122(75.8%)30(39.5%)53(80.3%)
cagA/vacA s1m1/jhp0562-positive/β-(1,3)galT-negative100(62.1%)26(34.2%)15(22.7%)
Antrum
 Activity1.53 (1)1.20 (1)1.44 (1)
 Inflammation1.76 (2)1.67 (2)1.65 (2)
 Atrophy1.42 (1)0.89 (1)0.89 (1)
 Intestinal metaplasia0.16 (0)0.04 (0)0.14 (0)
Corpus
 Activity0.93 (1)0.92 (1)0.88 (1)
 Inflammation1.14 (1)1.23 (1)1.08 (1)
 Atrophy0.55 (0)0.58 (1)0.26 (0)
 Intestinal metaplasia0.02 (0)0.05 (0)0.00 (0)
OLGA1.51 (1)1.01 (1)0.94 (1)

indicates a statistically significant difference between Bhutan and Vietnam.
indicates a statistically significant difference between Myanmar and Vietnam.
† indicates a statistically significant difference between Bhutan and Myanmar.
For histological scores (minimum 0 to maximum 3) and OLGA score (minimum 0 to maximum 4), mean (median) is presented.