Facial Characteristics and Olfactory Dysfunction: Two Endophenotypes Related to Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate

Figure 4

Comparing nonaffected first-degree relatives of patients with NSCL/P with high identification scores to nonaffected first-degree relatives of patients with NSCL/P with low identification scores. (a) Red: maximal value; blue: value equal to zero. Left to right: first panel shows the effect, second panel shows the , and third panel shows the significance level in each quasi-landmark. A significant effect in the upper nasal region is observed. (b) Shape transformation representing nonaffected first-degree relatives with a high identification score. (c) Shape transformation representing nonaffected first-degree relatives with a low identification score. The red line is highlighting the narrowing of the nasal bridge in nonaffected first-degree relatives with a low identification score, compared to nonaffected first-degree relatives with a high identification score.

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