Probiotics (Bifidobacterium longum) Increase Bone Mass Density and Upregulate Sparc and Bmp-2 Genes in Rats with Bone Loss Resulting from Ovariectomy

Table 5

Effect of B. longum on the physical properties of the femur.

Femur physical characteristics	Sham	OVX	OVX + B. longum	value
Weight (g)	1.06 ± 0.03	1.09 ± 0.05	1.10 ± 0.04	0.842
Height (mm)	37.28 ± 0.75	37.36 ± 0.41	37.37 ± 0.22	0.989
Thickness (mm)	4.05 ± 0.16	4.17 ± 0.09	4.17 ± 0.07	0.721

Ten-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were supplemented with 1 mL of B. longum (10⁸–10⁹ CFU) once a day for 16 weeks, starting 2 weeks after surgery, while sham and OVX groups received 1 mL of demineralized water. At the end of the study, the femur weight was measured by using a digital electronic scale and the height and thickness were measured using a stainless-steel caliper. Values represent the mean ± SEM ( in each group).
No significant difference was observed between the groups based on one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test.