Review Article

Portulaca oleracea L.: A Review of Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Effects

Table 1

Compounds isolated from purslane.

ClassificationChemical componentPart of plantReference

FlavonoidsKaempferol (1)Leaf and stem[11]
Apigenin (2)Leaf and stem[11]
Luteolin (3)Whole plant[11]
Myricetin (4)Whole plant[11]
Quercetin (5)Whole plant[11]
Portulacanones A (6)Aerial part[18]
Portulacanones B (7)Aerial part[18]
Portulacanones C (8)Aerial part[18]
Portulacanones D (9)Aerial part[18]
2,2′-Dihydroxy-4′,6′-dimethoxychalcone (10)Aerial parts[18]
GenisteinWhole plant[17]
GenistinWhole plant[17]

AlkaloidsDopamine (11)Stem, leaf and seed[20]
Noradrenalin (12)Stem, leaf and seed[48]
Dopa[21]
Oleraceins A (13)Whole plant[21]
Oleraceins B (14)Whole plant[21]
Oleraceins C (15)Whole plant[21]
Oleraceins D (16)Whole plant[21]
Oleraceins E (17)Whole plant[21]
Oleracins I Stem[21]
Oleracins II Stem[21]
AdenosineWhole plant[21]
N-trans-Feruloyltyramine (18)Aerial part[22]
(7′R)-N-Feruloylnormetanephrine (19)Aerial part[22]
1,5-Dimethyl-6-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3(2H)-one (20)Aerial part[22]
(3R)-3,5-Bis(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-2(1H)-pyridinone (21)Aerial part[22]
Thymine (22)Aerial parts[18]
Uracil (23)Aerial parts[18]
N-cis-Feruloyltyramine (24)Aerial parts[18]
N-trans-Feruloyloctopamine (25)Aerial parts[18]
N-cis-Feruloyloctopamine (26)Aerial parts[18]
Trollisine (27)Aerial part[49]
Aurantiamide (28)Aerial part[49]
Aurantiamide acetate (29)Aerial part[49]
Cyclo(L-tyrosinyl-L-tyrosinyl) (30)Aerial part[49]
1,5-Dimethyl-6-phenyl-1,6,3,4-tetrahydro-1,2,4-2(1H)-triazin (31)Aerial part[49]
Scopoletin[50]

TerpenoidsPortuloside A (32)Aerial part[51]
Portuloside B (33)Aerial part[52]
(3S)-3-O-(β-D-Glucopyranosyl)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol (34)Aerial part[52]
(3S)-3-O-(β-D-Glucopyranosyl)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,5-dien-3,7-diol (35)Aerial part[52]
Portulene (36)Aerial part[1]
Lupeol (37)Aerial part[1]
(2a,3a)-3-{[4-O-(β-D-Glucopyranosyl)-β-D-xylopyranosyl]oxy}-2,23-dihydroxy-30-methoxy-30-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid (38)Aerial part[25]
(2a,3a)-2,23,30-Trihydroxy-3-[(β-D-xylopyranosyl)oxy]olean-12-en-28-oic acid (39)Aerial part[25]
FriedelaneAerial part[25]

Organic acids3-Quinolinecarboxylic acid (40)Aerial parts[18]
Indole-3-carboxylic acid (41)Aerial parts[18]
a-Linolenic acidLeaf[24]
Linoleic acidLeaf[26]
Palmitic acidLeaf[4]
Stearic acidLeaf[4]
Oleic acidLeaf[4]
p-Coumaric acidWhole plant[21]
Ferulic acidWhole plant[21]
Docosapentaenoic acidStem[26]
Eicosapentaenoic acid[53]
Docosahexaenoic acid[53]
Catechol[53]
Caffeic acidAerial part[54]
Oxalic acidLeaf[2]
Lonchocarpic acid[50]

VitaminsVitamin ALeaf[26]
RiboflavinLeaf[26]
NiacinLeaf[26]
PyridoxineLeaf[26]
Vitamin CLeaf[26]
FolatesLeaf[26]
Pantothenic acidLeaf[26]
Thiamin Leaf[26]
α-TocopherolLeaf[4]
HesperidinLeaf[55]

MineralsPhosphorusRoot, stem and leaf[3]
IronRoot, stem and leaf[3]
ManganeseRoot, stem and leaf[3]
CalciumRoot, stem and leaf[3]
CopperRoot, stem and leaf[3]
ZincLeaf[26]
SeleniumLeaf[26]
MagnesiumLeaf[26]

Other compoundsPortulacerebroside A (42)Aerial part[56]
β-Sitosterol (43)Aerial part[1]
Daucosterol (44)Aerial part[1]
β-CaroteneLeaf[4]
GlutathioneLeaf[4]
ProlineLeaf[57]
MelatoninLeaf[24]
1,4-Di-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-methyl-L-arabinitolLeaf[58]
1,4,5-Tri-O-acetyl-2,3-di-O-methyl-L-arabinitolLeaf[58]
1,5-Di-O-acetyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-galactitolLeaf[58]
1,4,5-Tri-O-acetyl-2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-D-galactitolLeaf[58]
1,3,4,5-Tetra-O-acetyl-2,6-di-O-methyl-D-galactitolLeaf[58]
Chlorophyll[53]
Tannin[53]
Isopimpinellin[50]
Robustin[50]
Bergapten[50]