Comparison of Monkeypox Virus Clade Kinetics and Pathology within the Prairie Dog Animal Model Using a Serial Sacrifice Study Design

Table 2

Clinical and laboratory findings in prairie dogs intranasally challenged (8 × 10³ pfu) with Congo Basin (CB) MPXV.

Sacrifice day p.i.	Prairie dog number	Maximum number of lesions observed^◊	OPXV antibodies detected	Neutralizing antibodies detected	Clinical symptoms	Gross pathology	Poxvirus IHC	Viable virus (#positive/#tested)
2	PD23	0	Neg.	Neg.	N.O.	N.O.	N.E.	0/28
	PD24	0	Neg.	Neg.	N.O.	N.O.	N.E.	0/28
4	PD25	0	Neg.	Neg.	N.O.	Foci of serosal congestion in stomach and colon	N.O.	2/28
	PD26	0	Neg.	Neg.	N.O.	Foci of serosal congestion in stomach and lung	N.O.	2/28
6	PD27	0	Neg.	Neg.	N.O.	N.O.	N.O.	8/28
	PD28	0	Neg.	Neg.	N.O.	N.O.	N.O.	12/28
9	PD29	0	Neg.	+	N.O.	N.O.	Small intestine	16/28
	PD30	17	Neg.	Neg.	R.D., nasal discharge, died while under anesthesia	Multiple, randomly distributed foci of parenchymal hemorrhage on lungs	Small intestine, trachea, epithelial staining (unknown location)	25/28
12/13	PD31	5	+	N.E.	Facial edema	N.O.	Epiglottis associated with necrotic lesion, tongue, small intestine	19/28
	PD32^†	4	N.E.	N.E.	R.D., inappetence, facial edema	Multifocal hemorrhagic lesions in the jejunum and lymphadenopathy/necrotic submandibular lymph nodes	All tissues positive for antigen except for brain	28/28
	PD36^†	14	+	N.E.	Nasal discharge, inappetence, periocular erythema and epiphora, distended abdomen	Gastrointestinal distention uterus had a focal serosal hemorrhage, multifocal hemorrhagic lesions in the periovarian adipose tissue, hemorrhagic MALT in the peritoneum, mucosal hemorrhage in stomach	Rostral nasal cavity, epidermal with some dermal mesenchymal cells	24/28
17	PD33	>20	+	N.E.	Inappetence, facial edema, bloody nose/mouth, nasal discharge	Foci of hemorrhage in the jejunum and multifocal hemorrhagic lesions in the periovarian adipose tissue	Mesenchymal cell staining in mid dermis	11/28
	PD34	6	+	+	Facial edema, nasal discharge	N.O.	N.E.	3/28
24	PD35	13	+	N.E.	Inappetence	N.O.	N.E.	0/28

Groups of prairie dogs were serially sacrificed (days 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 17, and 24) following challenge (). Animals were observed for clinical symptoms, antibody production, and lesion presentation. Gross observations were recorded and postmortem samples were evaluated for presence of virus and histopathological changes. R.D.: Respiratory depression while under anesthesia; N.O.: nothing observed; N.E.: not examined.
◊: maximum number of lesions at any time-point throughout study, not restrictive to day of necropsy.
†: unscheduled death.