Curcumin and Its Analogue Induce Apoptosis in Leukemia Cells and Have Additive Effects with Bortezomib in Cellular and Xenograft Models

Table 1

Cell viability measurements (MTS) of curcumin (C), C-150, and bortezomib (BTZ) alone and combined. Curcumin and its analogue C-150 and bortezomib significantly decreased the cell viability of HL-60 human leukemia cells in a dose-dependent manner. C-150 exhibited dose-dependent effect on HL60 cells in submicromolar concentrations and was effective at 27 times lower concentration than curcumin. Both curcumin and its analogue exhibited additive effects with bortezomib (bold data with significant values) (: bortezomib versus combination; : curcumin or C-150 versus combination; two-tailed Student’s -test).

	—	BTZ; (50 nM)	BTZ; (12.5 nM)	BTZ; (3.125 nM)	BTZ; (0.78 nM)
—		0.35	0.45	1.26	1.34
C (50 µM)	0.34	0.33	0.35	0.39	0.37
C (25 µM)	0.26	0.23	0.31	0.28	0.27
C (10 µM)	0.48	0.28; ()	0.31; ()	0.42	0.60
C (5 µM)	1.10	0.33	0.43	1.21	1.26
C-150 (1 µM)	0.25	0.21	0.19; ()	0.23	0.25
C-150 (0.5 µM)	0.40	0.26; ()	0.27	0.27; ()	0.33
C-150 (0.1 µM)	0.94	0.25	0.41	0.83	1.02
C-150 (0.05 µM)	1.16	0.32	0.39	1.13	1.22