Pathogenic Potential of Two Sibling Species, Anisakis simplex (s.s.) and Anisakis pegreffii (Nematoda: Anisakidae): In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Table 1

Cumulative penetration rate of Anisakis  simplex (s.s.) and A.  pegreffii from 2 different agar blocks overlaid with 3 different supernatants. Data are expressed as the average penetration rate ± standard error of five replicates. Means in each column with the same superscript lower-case letters (a–c for A.  simplex (s.s.) and d–f for A.  pegreffii) are not significantly different (). Means in each row with the same subscript upper-case letters (A–C for A.  simplex (s.s.) and D–F for A.  pegreffii) are not significantly different ().

Species	Times after administration	Penetration rate (%) of anisakid nematodes larvae
		Group A (agar block in PBS)			Group B (agar block in RPMI-1640)
		PBS	AGJ^1	RPMI-1640^2	PBS	AGJ^1	RPMI-1640^2
Anisakis  simplex (s.s.)	1 h	10.0 ± 8.1	10.0 ± 8.1	8.3 ± 3.7	15.0 ± 4.9	5.0 ± 2.0	10.0 ± 6.1
	12 h	25.0 ± 12.9	38.3 ± 9.0	25.0 ± 12.4	25.0 ± 7.0	31.7 ± 14.0	28.3 ± 8.2
	24 h	30.0 ± 14.1	41.7 ± 9.1	28.3 ± 11.1	58.3 ± 12.6	56.7 ± 10.0	45.0 ± 13.1
	48 h	51.7 ± 12.2	43.3 ± 10.0	46.7 ± 10.1	76.7 ± 7.2	75.0 ± 7.9	71.7 ± 8.6
Anisakis  pegreffii	1 h	25.0 ± 5.9	68.3 ± 6.1	40.0 ± 4.9	50.0 ± 8.3	33.3 ± 10.9	53.3 ± 4.3
	12 h	41.7 ± 2.6	81.7 ± 6.1	46.7 ± 5.7	55.0 ± 7.7	43.3 ± 12.5	66.7 ± 8.3
	24 h	41.7 ± 2.6	81.7 ± 6.1	48.3 ± 5.5	63.3 ± 7.7	46.7 ± 12.0	71.7 ± 9.7
	48 h	50.0 ± 3.7	83.3 ± 7.0	51.7 ± 4.1	65.0 ± 6.7	46.7 ± 12.0	71.7 ± 9.7

¹AGJ: artificial gastric juice (pH 1.8, 0.1% pepsin, 0.1% porcine stomach mucin, 0.12% NaCl, 0.02% KCl).
²RPMI-1640: RPMI-1640 (pH 4.0, RPMI-1640 with 20% FBS, 1% commercial pepsin).