Enteric Pathogens and Coinfections in Foals with and without Diarrhea
Table 3
Frequency of enteric pathogens and detection of selected virulence factors in diarrheic () and nondiarrheic () foals at three different ages. State of São Paulo, Brazil, 2011-2012.
Enteric pathogens
Age (days)
GI = 0–30 ()
GII = 31–60 ()
GIII = 61–90 ()
value
Diarrheic
Nondiarrheic
Diarrheic
Nondiarrheic
Diarrheic
Nondiarrheic
Total
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
Escherichia coli
8 (27,58)
2 (6.89)
4 (13.33)
5 (16.66)
5 (8.77)
8 (14.03)
32 (27.58)
0.143
Escherichia coli fimH
4 (13.79)
4 (13.79)
8 (26.66)
2 (6.66)
5 (8.77)
9 (15.78)
32 (27.58)
0.097
Escherichia coli ag43
2 (6.89)
4 (13.79)
7 (23.33)
2 (6.66)
2 (3.50)
15 (26.31)
32 (27.58)
0.001
Escherichia coli papC
1 (3.44)
0 (0.0)
1 (3.33)
0 (0.0)
2 (3.50)
2 (3.50)
6 (5.17)
1.000
Salmonella Saintpaul
1 (3.44)
0 (0.0)
1 (3.33)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.75)
3 (2.58)
1.000
Salmonella Panama
1 (3.44)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.75)
0 (0.0)
2 (1.72)
Salmonella Infantis
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
3 (10.0)
1 (0.0)
2 (3.50)
0 (0.0)
6 (5.17)
Salmonella Typhimurium
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
3 (5.26)
1 (1.75)
4 (3.44)
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (3.33)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (0.86)
Salmonella Newport
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.75)
1 (0.86)
Salmonella Muenchen
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.75)
0 (0.0)
1 (0.86)
Clostridium perfringens
7 (24.13)
2 (6.89)
4 (13.33)
2 (6.66)
1 (1.75)
2 (3.50)
18 (13.79)
0.365
C. perfringens type A
7 (24.13)
2 (6.89)
4 (13.33)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.75)
4 (7.01)
18 (15.51)
0.033
C. perfringens type A cpb2+
1 (3.44)
0 (00.00)
0 (0.0)
2 (6.66)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.75)
4 (3.44)
0.500
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI)
1 (3.44)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (0.86)
0.500
A/B toxin detection
1 (3.44)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (0.86)
0.500
Toxigenic C. difficile
2 (6.89)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
2 (1.72)
Rhodococcus equi
0 (0.0)
2 (6.89)
0 (0.0)
1 (3.33)
0 (0.0)
2 (13.50)
5 (4.31)
R. equi vapA 85 kb I
1 (3.44)
0 (0.0)
1 (3.33)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
2 (1.72)
R. equi vapA 87 kb II
1 (3.44)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (3.33)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
2 (1.72)
Lawsonia intracellularis
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
Coronavirus
1 (3.44)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.75)
2 (1.72)
1.000
Rotavirus
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
Giardia duodenalis
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (3.33)
1 (3.33)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
2 (1.72)
Cryptosporidium parvum
1 (3.44)
1 (3.44)
1 (3.33)
1 (3.33)
1 (1.75)
0 (0.0)
5 (4.31)
1.000
strongylus
2 (6.89)
2 (6.89)
1 (3.33)
1 (3.33)
3 (5.26)
8 (14.03)
17 (14.65)
0.786
Strongyloides westeri
3 (10.34)
2 (6.89)
3 (10.0)
1 (3.33)
8 (14.03)
12 (21.05)
29 (25.00)
0.458
N = total of samples; = number of positive samples; = no statistical difference; C. perfringens = Clostridium perfringens; C. difficile = Clostridium difficile; R. equi = Rhodococcus equi; G = group.
