Research Article

Premature Destruction of Microbubbles during Voiding Urosonography in Children and Possible Underlying Mechanisms: Post Hoc Analysis from the Prospective Study

Table 1

Group of children with destruction of the microbubbles in the urinary bladder during ce-VUS examination.

NumberSexAge (years months)ce-VUS Reflux Right Kidneyce-VUS Reflux Left KidneyUrinary bladder max voiding vol. (mL)T1 (min)T2 (min)T3 (min)Anxiety (A); crying (C); multiple voiding attempts (V)

1M9 y 3 mF-G0; V-N/AF-G0; V-N/A2602414V
2F7 y 2 mF-G0; V-N/AF-G0; V-N/A190101216V
3M1 y 9 mF-GI; V-N/AF-G0; V-N/A1006620A; C
4M2 y 8 mF-G0; V-N/AF-G0; V-N/A1304511A; C
5M8 y 1 mF-GIII; V-N/AF-GII; V-N/A3004612V
6M11 mF-GIV; V-N/AF-GIV; V-N/A50558A; C
7M2 yF-GIII; V-N/AF-GIV; V-N/A704622A; C
8F6 mF-G0; V-N/AF-G0; V-N/A50249A; C
9M2 y 2 mF-GII; N/AF-GIII; N/A1003316A; C
10F4 mF-GIII; N/AF-GII; N/A402410A; C
11F1 y 5 mF-G0; V-N/AF-G0; V-N/A90348A; C

Sex = female (F) and male (M).
Reflux Right Kidney = filling phase (F); voiding phase (V); Grades I–V (GI–V); no reflux (G0); not possible to estimate due to destruction of microbubbles (N/A).
Reflux Left Kidney = filling phase (F); voiding phase (V), Grades I–V (GI–V), no reflux (G0); not possible to estimate due to destruction of microbubbles (N/A).
T1: time of the urinary bladder filling.
T2: first symptoms of destruction.
T3: subtotal/total destruction.