Outcomes and National Trends for the Surgical Treatment of Lumbar Spine Trauma
Table 1
Characteristics of 102,316 vertebral compression fracture patients that underwent vertebral augmentation procedures between 2004 and 2011.
All cases ()
Vertebral augmentation procedure type
value
Fusion (30.6)
Kyphoplasty (17.1)
Vertebroplasty (49.9)
Multiple surgeries (2.5)
Age in years
Mean (SE)
67.5 (0.4)
46.2 (0.3)
78.5 (0.2)
76.7 (0.2)
68.3 (1.0)
<.0001
Median (IQR)
73 (54–82)
46 (31–58)
80 (72–86)
79 (70–85)
72 (57–81)
Age by categories, (%)
<.0001
18–44
15985 (15.6)
14772 (47.1)
212 (1.2)
725 (1.4)
276 (11.0)
45–64
19963 (19.5)
11133 (35.5)
1730 (9.9)
6536 (12.8)
564 (22.5)
65–84
45578 (44.5)
4912 (15.7)
9736 (55.8)
29687 (58.2)
1243 (49.6)
85+
20791 (20.3)
516 (1.6)
5777 (33.1)
14074 (27.6)
424 (16.9)
Female, (%)
60155 (58.8)
11597 (37.0)
12149 (69.6)
34941 (68.5)
1469 (58.6)
<.0001
Race, (%)
<.0001
White
71037 (85.4)
19560 (79.5)
12044 (87.5)
37651 (88.1)
1782 (87.8)
Black
2220 (2.7)
962 (3.9)
355 (2.6)
848 (2.0)
54 (2.7)
Hispanic
5448 (6.6)
2409 (9.8)
757 (5.5)
2176 (5.1)
106 (5.2)
Asian/Pacific Islander
1886 (2.7)
620 (2.5)
343 (2.5)
891 (2.1)
32 (1.6)
Native American
347 (0.4)
162 (0.7)
33 (0.2)
147 (0.3)
5 (0.2)
Other
2195 (2.6)
882 (3.6)
233 (1.7)
1030 (2.4)
51 (2.5)
Primary payer, (%)
<.0001
Medicare
63622 (62.3)
5617 (18.0)
14642 (84.0)
41780 (82.0)
1584 (63.3)
Medicaid
4462 (4.4)
3124 (10.0)
299 (1.7)
943 (1.9)
96 (3.8)
Private insurance
23781 (23.3)
14600 (46.8)
1993 (11.4)
6509 (12.9)
590 (23.6)
Self-pay
3973 (3.9)
3258 (10.4)
166 (1.0)
473 (0.9)
76 (3.0)
No charge
321 (0.3)
237 (0.8)
10 (0.06)
70 (0.1)
5 (0.2)
Others
5923 (5.8)
4354 (14.0)
324 (1.9)
1092 (2.1)
153 (6.1)
Median income, (%)
.0002
<39,000
24614 (24.6)
8494 (28.0)
3685 (21.4)
11806 (23.6)
629 (25.8)
39,900–47,999
27666 (27.6)
8298 (27.3)
4825 (28.1)
13912 (27.8)
630 (25.9)
48,000–62,999
25572 (25.5)
7375 (24.3)
4357 (25.3)
13241 (26.4)
599 (24.5)
>63,000
22269 (22.20)
6207 (20.4)
4322 (25.1)
11160 (22.3)
580 (23.8)
Rounded percent (%); missing data rates: female (.06), race (18.7), primary payer (.23), and median income (2.1). Comparisons between fusion, kyphoplasty, and vertebroplasty cohorts; comparisons: white versus others and private versus nonprivate.
