Molecular Role of EGFR-MAPK Pathway in Patchouli Alcohol-Induced Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest on A549 Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

Figure 2

The apoptosis effect and involved signaling pathway activity of PA on A549 cells. The A549 cells were exposed for 48 h with increasing PA. (a) PA induced MMP collapse for 48 h treatment. (b) PA exposure induced caspase 9 activation in A549 cells for 48 h. (c) PA exposure induced caspase 3 activation in A549 cells for 48 h. (d) The Hoechst staining immunofluorescence microscopy image of A549 cells for Hoechst in vitro; Scale Bar: 10 μm. (e) The TUNEL staining immunofluorescence microscopy image of A549 cells for DAPI (blue), TUNEL FITC (green), and their merge in vitro; Scale Bar: 50 μm. (f) Effect of PA on EGFR and MAPK signaling pathways in A549 cells. Statistical differences were compared between PA treatment group and control group and considered significant at the levels of , , or .

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)