Mini Transsternal Approach to the Anterior High Thoracic Spine (T1–T4 Vertebrae)

Table 1

Case series.

Case number	Age/sex	Disease	Affected level	Anterior spinal fusion level	Posterior fix	Operative time (min)	Blood loss (mL)	Perioperative complications	Frankel grade Preoperative	Frankel grade Last follow-up
1	33, M	Disc	T3/4	—	No	150	450	—	D	E
2	44, F	Disc	T3/4	—	No	180	700	—	D	E
3	38, F	Disc	T2/3	—	No	170	560	—	C	D
4	39, F	Adjacent level pathology (ankylosing spondylitis)	C6/7 subluxation with severe flexion deformity	C4-T3	Yes	280	900	—	D	D
5	52, F	Metastasis (breast)	T1	C7/T2	Yes	180	750	Pneumonia	D	E
6	46, F	Metastasis (breast)	T1 (C7/T2 corpectomy)	C6-T3	Yes	210	900	—	D	D
7	53, F	Metastasis (breast)	T3	T2/T4	No	200	860	Intercostal pain	C	C
8	50, M	Metastasis (colon)	T2	T1/T3	No	170	650	—	D	D
9	40, M	Metastasis (lung)	T3	T2–T4	No	220	850	—	D	E
10	43, M	Metastasis (leiomyosarcoma)	T2/3	T1/4	No	250	750	—	D	D
11	39, F	Traumatic fracture	T3	T2/T4	Yes	250	950	—	B	D
12	26, M	TB	T1/2	C7/T3	Yes	180	1050	—	D	E
13	43, M	TB	T2/3	T1/T4	No	250	750	—	C	E
14	45, F	TB	T1/2	C7/T3	Yes	230	900	—	C	D
15	53, M	TB	T2/3	T1/T4	No	180	1100	—	B	C
16	46, F	TB	T1/2	C7/T3	No	230	870	Intercostal pain	D	E
17	48, M	TB	T3	T2/T4	No	220	750	—	D	E
18	39	TB	T2/3	T1/T4	No	230	670	—	D	E