Shrimp Protein Hydrolysate Modulates the Timing of Proinflammatory Macrophages in Bupivacaine-Injured Skeletal Muscles in Rats

Figure 3

Muscle mass recovery of regenerating tibialis anterior muscle in rats. Noninjured and bupivacaine-injured muscles were collected at days 0, 2, 5, 14, and 28 after injury, weighed, and normalized to body weight. Absolute muscle weights are presented for noninjured (a) and injured (b) muscles. A recovery index, as the percentage of injured values relative to noninjured values, was calculated and presented for muscle mass (c). Muscle mass is also presented as a percentage of body weight for injured (d) and noninjured (e) muscles. BCA Assay Kit was used to determine protein content in injured muscles (f). Values are mean ± SEM (-8 rats per group/time point). Groups bearing different letters for a given time point are significantly different (). Ca, casein; CaH, casein hydrolysate; Shr, shrimp protein hydrolysate.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)