Treatment of Copper Contaminated Municipal Wastewater by Using UASB Reactor and Sand-Chemically Carbonized Rubber Wood Sawdust Column

Table 2

Characteristics of UASB and posttreatment unit effluents.

Parameters	Municipal wastewater	UASB effluent		After sand filtration		After CCRWSD filtration
	Range	Range	% removal	Range	% removal	Range	% removal
Copper ion (mg/L)	37.84–41.35	19.27–21.15	47.39–52.87	8.29–13.24	66.14–79.94	1.54–6.72	83.74–96.12
COD (mg/L)	310.4–420.1	125.1–167.5	46.67–64.46	26.3–64.7	80.75–93.59	10.2–27.4	92.06–97.46
BOD (mg/L)	29.35–49.14	10.68–22.23	33.06–74.66	4.22–9.45	71.93–90.07	1.4–3.4	89.60–97.06
TSS (mg/L)	172–240	154–225	2.03–21.82	25–94	52.04–89.58	3.7–11.6	94.08–98.46
TDS (g/L)	1.86–2.01	1.70–1.91	1.59–13.06	0.35–1.89	0.48–81.57	0.32–1.87	1.40–83.45
Ammonia (mg/L)	10.24–13.65	11.73–17.74	nil	2.34–6.43	40.96–82.76	0.71–4.82	57.60–95.00
Nitrite (mg/L)	11.64–20.14	12.51–21.89	nil	4.25–9.65	23.05–75.37	1.94–5.37	65.85–89.97
Nitrate (mg/L)	12.3–18.36	19.82–28.47	nil	4.67–12.56	5.50–59.41	3.27–7.38	57.46–79.60
Phosphate (mg/L)	5.86–12.34	21.64–29.84	nil	6.8–17.4	nil	2.16–7.04	9.15–77.07
Total coliform (MPN/100 mL)	1.20 × 10^11–1.20 × 10^14	7.5 × 10^4–9.3 × 10^6	99.99	15–1.2 × 10^4	99.99	4–4.3 × 10^2	99.99
Fecal coliform (MPN/100 mL)	2.30 × 10^8–2.40 × 10^13	6.4 × 10^4–9.3 × 10^6	99.99	14–1.1 × 10^4	99.99	3–3.9E × 10^2	99.99