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| Reference | Topic | General description of intervention and treatment intensity/duration | Description of specific exercises | Conclusions specific to therapy |
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Agarwal et al.
2009 [23] | Voice | All patients received counseling and voice therapy by a trained speech pathologist
No specific data provided on treatment frequency/intensity | No description of exercises provided | Forty-seven of 50 patients showed compliance to the therapy. No specific conclusions of influence of provided therapy on primary outcomes described |
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Akst et al.
2004 [46] | Swallowing | Swallowing evaluation and intervention when clinically indicated | No description of exercises provided | No specific conclusions of influence of provided therapy on primary outcomes described |
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Buchbinder et al.
1993 [48] | Trismus | Six to 10 exercise sessions per day for a 10-week period | Group 1: unassisted exercises: reach maximum MIO and closing, jaw motion to left, right, and protrusively
Group 2: unassisted exercises: reach maximum MIO and closing, jaw motion to left, right, and protrusively. Stacked tongue depressors, to mechanically increase MIO (5 × 30 seconds per session)
Group 3: unassisted exercises: reach maximum MIO and closing, jaw motion to left, right, and protrusively. Combined with the TheraBite System (5 × 30 seconds per session) | The first four weeks no differences between groups were found. After week 4 minimal improvements in groups 1 and 2 were found and group 3 still improved. The highest increment in MIO was reached in group 3 |
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Dijkstra et al.
2007 [52] | Trismus | Physical therapy for trismus, median of 4 sessions | Physical therapy consisting of
(i) Active range of motion
(ii) Hold and relax
(iii) Manual stretching
(iv) Joint distraction
Following therapeutic tools are used in described cohort:
(i) Rubber plugs
(ii) Tong blades
(iii) Dynamic bite opener
(iv) TheraBite System | MIO increases significantly after physical therapy. History of HNC decreases the effect of physical therapy, compared to other trismus patients |
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Frowen et al.
2010 [16] | Swallowing | All patients were seen by a speech pathologist as an aspect of regular care | No description of exercises provided | No specific conclusions of influence of provided therapy on primary outcomes described |
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Hutcheson et al.
2014 [56] | Swallowing | All patients received prophylactic swallowing therapy to avoid nothing by mouth periods during treatment
No specific data provided on treatment frequency/intensity | Targeted swallowing exercises | No specific conclusions of influence of provided therapy on primary outcomes described |
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Karlsson et al.
2015 [31] | Voice | Group 1: voice therapy group received 10 × 30-minute sessions over 10 weeks
Group 2: vocal hygiene group: 1 session for vocal hygiene advice | Group 1: voice therapy consisting of relaxation, respiration, posture, and phonation exercises
Group 2: vocal hygiene advice | Patients treated with voice therapy experienced greater improvements compared to patients that only received vocal hygiene advice. Group 1 showed a significant better functional communication and HRQoL |
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Kotz et al.
2012 [57] | Swallowing | Group 1: weekly treatment by speech pathologist and daily 3 × 10 home sessions of exercises. Group 2: swallowing assessment and treatment if necessary after treatment | Group 1: prophylactic swallowing therapy consisting of effortful swallow, tongue base retraction exercises, super supraglottic swallow, and the Mendelssohn maneuver
Group 2: control group only receive symptomatic dysphagia treatment | Prophylactic swallowing therapy improves swallowing at 3 and 6 months; later there were no group differences found |
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Kraaijenga et al.
2014 [35] | Swallowing and voice | Daily practice from the start of the treatment until 1 year after treatment | Two combined groups: TheraBite System and standard logopedic swallowing exercises (the same cohort as van der Molen et al. 2011 [73]) | Minimal voice and swallowing difficulties were found 60 months after treatment in patients treated with prophylactic swallowing exercises |
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Sanguineti et al.
2014 [40] | Voice | 75.8% of the patients received speech therapy. No therapy was provided to 30 patients
No specific data provided on treatment frequency/intensity | No description of exercises provided | No specific conclusions of influence of provided therapy on primary outcomes described |
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Starmer et al.
2014 [69] | Swallowing | Patients received prophylactic swallowing and trismus exercises | No description of exercises provided | No specific conclusions of influence of provided therapy on primary outcomes described |
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van der Molen et al.
2011 [73] | Swallowing | Patients received instructions in advance of their oncological treatment. Three times daily exercises | Group 1: range-of-motion exercises and three strengthening exercises, that is, the effortful swallow, the Masako maneuver, and the super supraglottic swallow. Stretch holding for 10–30 seconds at a point of mild discomfort
Group 2: stretch of the mouth using the TheraBite System and a strengthening exercise: swallowing with the tongue elevated to the palate while maintaining mouth opening at 50% of its maximum. Stretch holding for 10–30 seconds at a point of mild discomfort | Similar outcomes in both groups were found. Preventive rehabilitation can improve early posttreatment functional outcomes |
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van der Molen et al.
2012 [44] | Voice | No specific speech or voice therapy | N/A | N/A |
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van der Molen et al.
2013 [74] | Swallowing and trismus | Study was aimed at describing dose-effect relationships in two treatment groups described in earlier study. References to other published study where treatment regime is described | Group 1: standard exercises
Group 2: experimental exercises | Any possible difference between the two included treatment groups is not described, nor possible influence of the respective treatments |
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