Acute Kidney Injury Classified by Serum Creatinine and Urine Output in Critically Ill Cancer Patients
Table 1
Patients classified by maximum AKI stage (SCr and UO).
Variables
Total
No AKI
AKI grade 1
AKI grade 2
AKI grade 3
value
Characteristics at ICU admission
Male gender, (%)
180 (46.3)
50 (42.0)
46 (45.5)
39 (46.4)
45 (52.9)
0.492
Age (years), median (IQR)
50 (35–61)
43 (30–54)
51 (42–61)
55 (39–68)
55 (36–66)
0.001
BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR)
26 (22.7–29.1)
25.3 (22.4–27.7)
26.1 (22.2–29.3)
27.6 (24.5–30.8)
25.7 (22.1–28.6)
<0.001
Hospital days prior to ICU, median (IQR)
2 (1–5)
1 (1–3)
2 (1–7)
2 (1–8)
2 (1–6)
0.012
APACHE II score, median (IQR)
15 (11–20)
12 (9–16)
13 (10–18)
17 (13–21)
22 (17–27)
<0.001
SOFA at admission, median (IQR)
6 (3–9)
3 (2–6)
5 (3–8)
8 (5–9)
10 (7–13)
<0.001
Sepsis, (%)
121 (31.1)
22 (18.5)
26 (25.7)
30 (35.7)
43 (50.6)
<0.001
Leukopenia, (%)
72 (18.5)
16 (13.4)
11 (10.9)
20 (23.8)
25 (29.4)
0.003
Total bilirubin, median (IQR)
1 (0.7–1.6)
0.9 (0.6–1.5)
0.9 (0.5–1.5)
1 (0.7–1.7)
1.1 (0.8–1.95)
0.031
Lactate, median (IQR)
2.0 (0.7–1.6)
1.6 (1.2–2.8)
1.9 (1.1–3.4)
2.2 (1.4–3.7)
3.4 (1.7–6.4)
<0.001
Malignancy
Hematologic malignancy, (%)
109 (28)
21 (17.6)
23 (22.8)
32 (38.1)
33 (38.8)
<0.001
Solid tumor, (%)
280 (72)
98 (82.4)
78 (77.8)
52 (61–9)
52 (61.2)
Hematologic extension
Local (%)
78 (20)
12 (10)
20 (19)
23 (27.4)
23 (27)
0.181
Disseminated (%)
31 (8.0)
9 (7.6)
3 (2.9)
9 (10.7)
10 (11.8)
Solid tumor extension
Local (%)
157 (40.4)
59 (49.6)
44 (43.6)
32 (38)
22 (25.9)
0.150
Metastatic (%)
123 (31.6)
39 (32.8)
34 (33.7)
20 (23.8)
30 (35.3)
Comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus, (%)
77 (19.8)
12 (10.1)
22 (21.8)
24 (28.6)
19 (22.4)
0.008
Hypertension, (%)
85 (21.9)
21 (17.6)
22 (21.8)
22 (26.2)
20 (23.5)
0.513
HIV, (%)
11 (2.8)
1 (0.8)
3 (3.0)
2 (2.4)
5 (5.9)
0.217
Congestive heart failure, (%)
22 (5.7)
4 (3.4)
5 (5)
9 (10.7)
4 (4.7)
0.180
Previous myocardial infarct, (%)
29 (7.5)
6 (5)
7 (6.9)
8 (9.5)
8 (9.4)
0.536
Chronic liver disease, (%)
26 (6.7)
10 (8.4)
6 (5.9)
4 (4.8)
6 (7.1)
0.776
Previous renal function
Baseline creatinine, median (IQR)
0.8 (0.6–0.9)
0.7 (0.6–0.88)
0.8 (0.66–0.93)
0.7 (0.6–0.99)
0.8 (0.58–1.05)
0.037
Baseline eGFR, median (IQR)
100 (80–117)
107 (89–124)
97 (79–110)
98 (79–116)
98 (70–121)
0.002
Chronic renal failure, (%)
29 (7.5)
3 (2.5)
5 (5)
10 (11.9)
11 (12.9)
0.008
ICU hospitalization
Mechanical ventilation, (%)
248 (63.8)
46 (38.7)
74 (73.3)
62 (73.8)
66 (77.6)
<0.001
Vasopressors, (%)
231 (59.4)
39 (32.8)
60 (59.4)
61 (72.6)
71 (83.5)
<0.001
Fluid balance (liters), median (IQR)
3.8 (0.9–8.7)
1.0 (0–2.3)
4.3 (0.9–7.8)
6.6 (3.5–10.7)
9.0 (4.3–12.6)
<0.001
Outcome
ICU stay (days), median (IQR)
4 (2–7)
2 (2–4)
5 (3–10)
6 (4–9)
5 (3–9)
<0.001
Death at ICU, (%)
87 (22.4)
6 (5)
13 (12.9)
22 (26.2)
46 (54.1)
<0.001
Death at 180 days, (%)
157 (40.4)
18 (15.1)
37 (36.6)
43 (51.2)
59 (69.4)
<0.001
AKI: acute kidney injury; ICU: intensive care unit; IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; APACHE: Acute Physiology on Chronic Health Evaluation; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; SCr: serum creatinine; UO: urinary output. We performed comparisons between AKI stages classified by worst AKI by either SCr or UO.
