Low-Volume Brachial Plexus Block Providing Surgical Anesthesia for Distal Arm Surgery Comparing Supraclavicular, Infraclavicular, and Axillary Approach: A Randomized Observer Blind Trial

Table 4

Postblock characteristics and adverse effects.

	AX	IC	SC	ANOVA	Tukey’s HSD or Fisher’s exact test
Time to sensory block [minutes]^(1)	30 [15]	30 [5]	20 [9]	0.007	IC > SC,
Total anesthesia-related time [seconds]	1957 [646]	2043 [793]	1598 [523]	0.016	IC > SC,
Duration of analgesia [hours]^(2)	11:15 [5:51]	13:42 [7:55]	11:27 [3:22]	0.004	IC > AX, ; IC > SC,
Success rate [n/n]^(3)	30/40 [75%]	36/40 [90%]	38/40 [95%]	n/a	SC > AX,
Early adverse effects [n]	0 [0%]	0 [0%]	0 [0%]	n/a	NS
Late dysesthesia potentially linked to nerve blocks [n]^(4)	4 [10%]	5 [13%]	1 [3%]	n/a	NS
Late paralysis [n]	1 [3%]	0 [0%]	0 [0%]	n/a	NS

values for the Anderson-Darling normality test are as follows: (1) time to sensory block: AX, ; IC, ; SC, ; (2) duration of analgesia: AX, ; IC, ; SC, . Continuous variables are reported as median [interquartile range], and comparisons are analyzed by one-way ANOVA and subsequent Tukey’s HSD test. For categorical variables, comparisons are analyzed by two-tailed Fisher’s test. Additional Fisher’s tests are as follows: (3) success rate: AX = IC, ; IC = SC, ; (4) late dysesthesia: AX = IC, ; AX = SC, ; IC = SC, . AX, axillary; IC, infraclavicular; SC, supraclavicular; n, numbers; n/a, not applicable; NS, not significant ().