The Effect of Diabetes Medication on Cognitive Function: Evidence from the PATH Through Life Study
Table 3
Association between type of diabetes treatment and cognitive function (β weights and SE).
SDMT
Imm. Rec.
STW
Digit Back.
Trail A
Trail B
PPEG (both hands)
SRT
CRT
Cross-sectional
M1-OHA only
.14 (2.01)
.61 (.70)
−2.19 (.99)
−.04 (.59)
−2.18 (2.66)
3.67 (7.99)
.28 (.38)
−.02 (.01)
−.00 (.01)
OHA + insulin
−1.02 (2.88)
−.68 (.70)
−4.02 (1.39)
.70 (.42)
4.12 (3.79)
16.92 (11.31)
−.12 (.54)
.01 (.01)
.03 (.01)
M2-OHA only
−.46 (2.08)
.75 (.47)
−2.28 (1.01)
.57 (.45)
−2.76 (2.72)
−.99 (6.62)
.37 (.40)
−.02 (.01)
−.02 (.02)
OHA + insulin
−.98 (3.01)
−.46 (.67)
−4.39 (1.46)
−.12 (.64)
3.60 (3.94)
15.74 (9.56)
−.12 (.58)
−.01 (.02)
−.02 (.02)
Longitudinal
M1-OHA only
1.15 (.84)
.51 (.30)
.03 (.34)
.31 (.24)
−5.20 (3.48)
11.81 (4.63)
−.10 (.23)
−.01 (.01)
−.01 (.01)
OHA + insulin
−.3 (1.25)
.16 (.44)
−.12 (.51)
.30 (.35)
−3.37 (3.85)
11.81 (6.81)
−.76 (.35)
.01 (.01)
.00 (.01)
M2-OHA only
.66 (1.36)
.47 (.50)
−.04 (.53)
.17 (.38)
−6.38 (4.12)
3.36 (7.11)
−.53 (.35)
−.02 (.01)
−.04 (.01)
OHA + insulin
−1.97 (1.91)
.27 (.70)
−.38 (.75)
.04 (.53)
−9.43 (5.88)
16.14 (9.97)
−.94 (.550)
−.00 (.02)
−.03 (.02)
Note: measures for Trail A, Trail B, SRT, and CRT represent response time. Thus, positive β values indicate poorer performance relative to no diabetes group. All other measures (MMSE, SDMT, Imm. Rec., STW, Digit Back., and PPEG (both hands)) represent number of items completed correctly (negative β values indicate poorer performance). Model 1 = control for age, sex, and education; W2 cognitive function. Model 2 = Model 1 + BMI, PA, smoking, and hypertension.
