Research Article
Magnesium Attenuates Phosphate-Induced Deregulation of a MicroRNA Signature and Prevents Modulation of Smad1 and Osterix during the Course of Vascular Calcification
Figure 6
Multiple modes of action of Mg2+ in attenuating Pi-induced VC in HAVSMC. This figure summarizes all the knowledge from the previous [23, 24, 38] and the current report concerning Mg2+ from its entry into the cell through TRPM7 and its role in crystal composition and structure, modifications of calcification inhibitors, cell viability, osteogenic differentiation, inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and finally the influence of Mg2+ on osteogenes expression (Runx2, Osterix, and Smad1) through specific miR modulation (miR-30b, miR-133a, and miR-143). The question marks indicate undetermined mechanisms. ECM, extracellular matrix; OCN, osteocalcin; MGP, Matrix Gla Protein; OPN, Osteopontin; Ca Pi, calcium by phosphate product; TRPM7, transient receptor potential melastatin-7; Fzd, Frizzled-3 receptor (Wnt signaling proteins); CASR, calcium sensing receptor.