Exercise Alters Gait Pattern but Not Knee Load in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Table 4
Joint mechanics at 2nd peak knee abductor moment.
Group
Evaluation time
Group effect (baseline)
Group effect (follow-up)
Treatment effect
Baseline
Follow-up
Mean difference of 95% CI
Mean difference of 95% CI
Mean difference of 95% CI
Mean
SD
Mean
SD
Frontal GRF (% BW)
Control
97.30
6.51
0.81~1
0.81
0.43~0.9
0.64
N/A
N/A
OA
97.23
3.98
97.12
2.64
−4~4.2
0.95
Frontal lever arm (% LL)
Control
2.22
0.65
0.04~0.49
0.16
0~0.4
0.10
N/A
N/A
OA
3.43
2.07
3.21
1.58
−0.8~1.2
0.60
Ankle In(+)/Ev(−) angle
Control
−2.00
3.41
0.43~0.91
0.64
0.35~0.8
0.56
N/A
N/A
OA
−2.61
3.29
−1.23
2.37
−3.6~0.8
0.17
Ankle IR(+)/ER(−) angle
Control
2.63
3.25
0.21~0.72
0.48
0.81~1
0.81
N/A
N/A
OA
1.25
2.66
1.24
2.29
−1.7~1.7
1.00
Ankle Do(+)/Pl(−) angle
Control
8.13
2.89
0.15~0.65
0.29
0.04~0.5
0.19
N/A
N/A
OA
6.94
3.50
5.66
3.66
0.35~2.2
0.02†
Ankle In(−)/Ev(+) moment
Control
−0.31
0.97
0.21~0.72
0.48
0.43~0.9
0.64
N/A
N/A
OA
−0.57
0.52
−0.59
0.81
−2.2~3.5
0.58
Ankle IR(−)/ER(+) moment
Control
−3.20
2.22
0.15~0.65
0.35
0.04~0.5
0.16
N/A
N/A
OA
−4.17
1.48
−4.28
0.78
−1.3~1.5
0.84
Ankle Do(−)/Pl(+) moment
Control
9.77
6.03
0.6~1
0.72
0.6~1
0.72
N/A
N/A
OA
12.73
1.66
12.75
1.55
−2.3~2.2
0.98
Hip Add(+)/Abd(−) angle
Control
6.55
2.49
0.35~0.85
0.56
0.81~1
0.81
N/A
N/A
OA
6.83
3.30
6.55
1.96
−3.5~4.1
0.86
Hip IR(+)/ER(−) angle
Control
0.60
2.53
0.04~0.49
0.16
0.21~0.7
0.48
N/A
N/A
OA
2.90
3.43
−0.58
1.49
0.2~6.8
0.04†
Hip Flex(+)/Ex(−) angle
Control
−5.90
21.37
0.15~0.65
0.84
0.81~1
0.03
N/A
N/A
OA
−5.75
3.24
−7.10
3.66
−0.6~3.3
0.04†
Hip Add(−)/Abd(+) moment
Control
8.25
4.79
0.15~0.65
0.29
0.15~0.6
0.41
N/A
N/A
OA
11.33
1.97
10.60
1.13
−0.6~2
0.21
Hip IR(−)/ER(+) moment
Control
−1.19
0.86
0.35~0.85
0.56
0~0.2
0.05
N/A
N/A
OA
−0.92
0.72
0.00
0.48
−2~0.1
0.07
Hip Flex(−)/Ex(+) moment
Control
−1.70
1.61
0.15~0.65
0.35
0~0.2
0.03
N/A
N/A
OA
−2.58
1.34
−3.62
1.23
0.77~1.3
0.00†
Knee Add(+)/Abd(−) angle
Control
−0.20
3.33
0.43~0.91
0.64
0.81~1
0.91
N/A
N/A
OA
−0.59
3.10
−0.88
1.97
−1.4~2
0.67
Knee IR(+)/ER(−) angle
Control
0.60
3.00
0.21~0.72
0.48
0.81~1
0.91
N/A
N/A
OA
2.00
3.46
0.31
2.71
−2.1~5.5
0.31
Knee Flex (+)/Ex(−) angle
Control
3.76
22.84
0.21~0.72
0.48
0.35~0.8
0.56
N/A
N/A
OA
8.47
8.33
7.58
6.89
−2.6~4.4
0.54
Knee Add(−)/Abd(+) moment
Control
2.79
1.68
0~0.19
0.06
0~0.3
0.08
N/A
N/A
OA
4.61
1.51
4.27
1.07
−0.6~1.2
0.37
Knee IR(−)/ER(+) moment
Control
−1.01
0.66
0~0.4
0.1
0~0.3
0.08
N/A
N/A
OA
−1.69
0.70
−1.61
0.42
−0.6~0.5
0.72
Knee Flex (−)/Ex(+) moment
Control
−0.77
1.83
0.81~1
0.81
0.15~0.6
0.29
N/A
N/A
OA
−0.41
0.65
−0.12
1.06
−1.7~1.1
0.62
values for between-group comparisons at different evaluation times (baseline and follow-up); . values for within-group comparisons between baseline and follow-up to evaluate the treatment effect; .