Advances in Understanding How Heavy Metal Pollution Triggers Gastric Cancer

Table 2

Main mechanism of gastric cancer induced by each kind of heavy metal.

Heavy metals	Main mechanism	Reference
Cd	() Disrupt the stomach mucosal barrier	[19–21, 23, 24, 26–30]
	() DNA damage via ROS
	() Ineffective DNA repair
	() Alter catalase activity
	() Accelerate cancer development
As	() Cell damage	[23, 24, 30–33]
	() Inhibit DNA repair
	() Epigenome
	() Enhanced cancer development by inducing overexpressing of miRNAs
Hg	() DNA damage	[24, 28, 34–36]
	() Chromosomal aberration
	() Induce immune dysfunction
Pb	() DNA damage via ROS	[22–24, 28, 30, 37–39]
	() Ineffective DNA repair and inhibiting DNA repair with UItraviolet rays
	() Promote tumorigenesis via Il-8
	() Change catalase activity
	() Enhanced cancer development by inducing overexpressing of miRNAs
Cr	() DNA lesion	[23, 24, 32, 33, 40–42]
	() Gene abnormalities
	() Promote cancer cell migration and invasion