Evaluation of Risk Factors for Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus in Sheep and Goats at the Wildlife-Livestock Interface in Punjab Province, Pakistan

Table 3

Univariable analysis of host related determinants involved in antibodies based prevalence of PPRV.

Sr. number	Risk factors	Number of samples	Number of positive samples	% occurrence of PPRV	95% confidence interval	value	OR
(1)	Location					0.001	3.59
	Lahore	100	35	35.0%	25.7; 44.3
	Wagah Town	44	16	36.4%	22.2; 50.6
	Jallo Basti	56	19	33.9%	21.5; 46.3
	Faisalabad	138	18	13.0%	−3.4; 29.4
	Chak Jumra	43	4	9.3%	0.6; 18.0
	Chak 200 RB	30	5	16.7%	3.4; 30.0
	Chak 199 RB	27	3	11.1%	−0.7; 22.9
	Madina Town	18	6	33.3%	11.6; 55.0
	UAF clinic	15	0	0.0%	−0.0; 1.0
	G. M Abattoir	5	0	0.0%	−0.0; 1.0
(2)	Species					0.001	4.18
	Goats	113	39	34.5%	25.3; 42.5
	Sheep	125	14	11.2%	5.8; 16.8
(3)	Sex					<0.001	6.38
	Female	199	51	25.6%	19.6; 25.7
	Male	39	2	5.1%	−1.1; 12.0
(4)	Age					0.15	0.47
	<2 years	52	07	13.5%	4.2; 22.8
	≥2 years	186	46	24.7%	18.7; 30.9
(5)	Feeding pattern					0.296	0.65
	Stall feeding	104	19	18.3%	10.8; 25.7
	Grazing	134	34	25.4%	18.0; 32.7
	Total	238	53	22.3%	16.9; 27.5

High significance (); significance (); NS: nonsignificance ().