Modification of Mechanical Properties, Polymerization Temperature, and Handling Time of Polymethylmethacrylate Cement for Enhancing Applicability in Vertebroplasty

Table 1

Biomechanical properties of bone cement mixed with varying concentrations of castor oil (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) at 25°C and 3°C.

Group		Biomechanical properties
Treatment	Castor oil (%)	Density (kg/m^3)	Porosity (%)	(MPa)	(MPa)
Normal (22°C)	0%	1112.4 15.9	1.3 0.5	1739.4 128.2	75.3 5.0
	5%	1077.6 10.9	16.5 1.8	1306.1 48.8	51.2 4.4
	10%	1044.8 8.9	25.8 3.5	763.3 116.6	33.6 4.8
	15%	1016.8 24.6	43.4 4.7	474.0 35.3	17.2 1.9
Precooling (3°C)	0%	1111.3 7.7	2.0 0.4	1749.1 137.4	77.4 4.6
	5%	1075.4 11.7	15.8 2.8	1255.4 144.1	51.1 5.3
	10%	1046.8 10.4	26.2 3.6	795.3 145.5	29.3 3.0
	15%	1015.1 21.6	45.8 6.9	495.4 30.1	19.1 2.9
Ref. data for cancellous bone [16]				325 145	2.5 1.5

: Young’s modulus.
: compression strength.