Acoustic Cavitation Enhances Focused Ultrasound Ablation with Phase-Shift Inorganic Perfluorohexane Nanoemulsions: An In Vitro Study Using a Clinical Device

Figure 5

Representative real-time ultrasound images of time evolution of a hyperechoic region (arrowhead) with 10 s HIFU exposure at a duty cycle of 2% in the MSNC-PFH and PBS-control phantoms. (a) Hyperechoic changes at the HIFU focus in the PBS-control phantom: a bright hyperechoic region occurs on the US imaging at 0.9 s after HIFU exposure, with expanded views of the region of the HIFU lesion (from 1 s to 10 s). (b) Hyperechoic changes at the HIFU focus in the MSNC-PFH phantom: a bright hyperechoic region occurs on the US imaging at 0.1 s after HIFU exposure, with expanded views of the region of the HIFU lesion (from 0.2 s to 10 s). During pulsed-HIFU exposure, the hyperechoic region is observed growing and migrating towards the HIFU transducer in both MSNC-PFH and PBS-control phantoms.

(a) PBS-control

(b) MSNC-PFH