Experimental Model of Proximal Junctional Fracture after Multilevel Posterior Spinal Instrumentation

Figure 1

Experimental setup used for compression loading of porcine spinal segments. (a) Specimens 1 and 2 were unconstrained in flexion and extension proximally, while being fully constrained distally. (b) Specimen 3 was constrained in flexion proximally (between 0° and 15°), while being fully constrained distally. (c) Specimen 4 was constrained in flexion proximally (between 0° and 15°), while being unconstrained distally for anterior-posterior translation.

(a)

(b)

(c)