| | | Symptoms and diseases |
| | Aluminum | Fatigue, hypophosphatemia, increased prothrombin time, and porphyria. | | Antimony | Nausea, anorexia, metallic taste, fatigue, and muscle weakness. Hypotension, cardiac pain (like angina pectoris), and faulty ventricular polarization. Irritation of respiratory tissues, pneumoconiosis. “Antimony spots” on the skin. | | Arsenic | Fatigue, malaise. Eczema or allergic-like dermatitis. Skin hypopigmentation, white striae on fingernails, hair loss, and stomatitis. Increased salivation and garlic-like breath. Peripheral neuropathy. Myocardial damage, hemolysis, and aplastic anemia with leukopenia. | | Barium | Tingling in the extremities, abnormal reflexes, and paralysis. Vomiting, diarrhea. Arrhythmia, hypertension. Respiratory arrest/failure. | | Beryllium | Hypoproteinemia, anemia. Liver and kidney damage. Chest pain, cough, and fatigue.
Granulomatous, lung disease, lung cancer. | | Bismuth | Constipation or bowel irregularity, colitis. Foul breath. Skin pigmentation changes and gum pigmentation (blue-black), gingivitis, and stomatitis. Erythema and skin sores, irritation of mucous membranes. Nephritis, nephrosis, and hepatitis. “Bismuth encephalophy” with mental confusion, clumsiness, myoclonic jerks, tremors, and dysarthria (osteoarthropathy). | | Cadmium | Hypertension. Microcytic-hypochromic anemia (not responsive to iron supplementation). Proteinuria with abnormally high excretion of beta-2 microglobulin. | | Cesium | Ventricular arrhythmias, cardiotoxicity. Headache, nausea, and epileptic seizures. | | Gadolinium | Abdominal cramps, diarrhea. Lethargy, muscular spasms, and respiratory collapse. Irritation of the skin and eyes. | | Lead | Loss of appetite, constipation. Poor hemoglobin synthesis, anemia. Nephrotoxic effects with impaired renal excretion of uric acid. Tremors, neuropathy, and encephalopathy. | | Mercury | Decreased senses of touch, hearing, vision, and taste, metallic taste in mouth. Fatigue or lack of physical endurance. Increased salivation. Anorexia, numbness and paresthesias, headaches, irritability, and excitability. Tremors and incoordination, psychoses, and manic behaviors. Anemia. Hypertension. | | Nickel | Headache, vertigo. Muscle weakness. Nausea, vomiting. Palpitations. Itchy skin and dermatitis, eczema. Panallergy with asthma, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and sinusitis. | | Palladium | Skin, eye, and respiratory irritation and allergic contact dermatitis. | | Platinum | Nausea, vomiting. Dyspnea and wheezing. Dermatitis, development of chronic allergic reactions (“platinosis”). Nephrosis. Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. | | Tellurium | Eye and respiratory irritation. Drowsiness, headache. Dry mouth, metallic taste, garlic-like odor of breath, sweat, and urine. Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. Respiratory depression. Circulatory collapse. Bluish/black patches on the skin. | | Thallium | Nausea, gastrointestinal distress, diarrhea, and weight loss. Proteinuria. Fatigue. Mental confusion, memory loss, psychoses, and peripheral neurological signs: paresthesias, myalgias, tremor, and ataxia. Hair loss with sparing of pubic and body hair and a lateral fraction of eyebrows, alopecia. | | Thorium | Respiratory distress and pneumonia, pulmonary hypertension, and fibrosis. | | Tin | Reduced sense of smell, headache, fatigue, ataxia, and muscle weakness. Irritation of contacted tissues (eyes, skin, bronchial tubes, or gastrointestinal tract). | | Titanium | Chest tightness and respiratory difficulty. Eye skin irritation. Neuroinflammation by titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Hypersensitivity reaction. | | Tungsten | Lung diseases (pneumoconiosis, cancer). Eczema, pruritus, folliculitis, and neurodermatitis. | | Uranium | Fatigue. Hair loss, alopecia, and dermatitis. Increased locomotor activity. Perturbation of the sleep-wake cycle, decreased memory, and increased anxiety. |
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