Research Article
Risk Factors for In-Hospital Complications of Fall-Related Fractures among Older Chinese: A Retrospective Study
Table 2
Comparison of the physical status and characteristics of injuries between genders.
| | Factors | Grade/ | Male/ (%) | Female/ (%) | | Total/ (%) |
| | Nutritional status | | | | 0.036 | | | | Normal | 340 (64.76) | 953 (69.71) | 0.038 | 1293 (68.34) | | Moderate | 175 (33.33) | 377 (27.58) | 0.203 | 552 (29.17) | | Malnourished | 10 (1.9) | 37 (2.71) | 0.013 | 47 (2.48) | | Mental status | | | | 0.433 | | | | Normal | 506 (96.38) | 1320 (96.56) | 0.726 | 1826 (96.51) | | Confusion | 18 (3.43) | 44 (3.22) | 0.818 | 62 (3.27) | | Delirium | 1 (0.19) | 0 | 0.277 | 1 (0.05) | | Somnolence | 0 | 2 (0.15) | 0.522 | 2 (0.11) | | Coma | 0 | 1 (0.07) | 0.723 | 1 | | Sensory impairment | No | 451 (85.9) | 1216 (88.95) | 0.067 | 1667 (88.11) | | Yes | 74 (14.1) | 151 (11.05) | 0.067 | 225 (11.89) | | Dermal problems | | | | 0.335 | | | | 0 | 126 (24) | 347 (25.38) | 0.534 | 473 (25) | | 1 | 388 (73.9) | 1000 (73.15) | 0.74 | 1388 (73.36) | | 2 | 10 (1.9) | 20 (1.46) | 0.307 | 30 (1.59) | | 3 | 1 (0.19) | 0 | 0.277 | 1 (0.05) | | Cardiovascular diseases | | | | 0.596 | | | | 0 | 260 (49.52) | 630 (46.09) | 0.18 | 890 (47.04) | | 1 | 199 (37.7) | 534 (39.06) | 0.589 | 733 (38.74) | | 2 | 61 (11.62) | 186 (13.61) | 0.251 | 247 (13.05) | | 3 | 5 (0.95) | 16 (1.17) | 0.685 | 21 (1.11) | | 4 | 0 | 1 (0.07) | 0.723 | 1 (0.05) | | CNS diseases | | | | <0.001 | | | | 0 | 367 (69.9) | 1094 (80.03) | <0.001 | 1461 (77.22) | | 1 | 137 (26.1) | 246 (18) | <0.001 | 383 (20.24) | | 2 | 19 (3.62) | 23 (1.68) | 0.011 | 42 (2.22) | | 3 | 2 (0.38) | 4 (0.29) | 0.53 | 6 (0.32) | | Bone and joint diseases | | | | 0.187 | | | | 0 | 461 (87.81) | 1185 (86.69) | 0.515 | 1646 (87) | | 1 | 59 (11.24) | 177 (12.95) | 0.313 | 236 (12.47) | | 2 | 5 (0.95) | 4 (0.29) | 0.073 | 9 (0.48) | | 3 | 0 | 1 (0.07) | 0.723 | 1 (0.05) | | Respiratory system diseases | 0 | 504 (96) | 1317 (96.34) | 0.408 | 1821 (96.25) | | 1 | 21 (4) | 50 (3.66) | 0.408 | 71 (3.75) | | Fracture site | | | | | | | | Radius | 61 (11.6) | 154 (11.3) | 0.828 | 215 (11.36) | | Femoral shaft | 23 (4.4) | 91 (6.7) | 0.037 | 114 (6.3) | | Femoral neck | 199 (37.9) | 487 (35.6) | 0.356 | 686 (36.26) | | Intertrochanteric | 196 (37.3) | 409 (29.9) | 0.001 | 605 (31.98) | | Lumbar vertebra | 35 (6.7) | 104 (7.6) | 0.276 | 139 (7.35) | | Thoracic vertebra | 0 | 16 (1.2) | 0.005 | 16 (0.85) | | Minor fracture | 26 (5) | 131 (9.6) | <0.001 | 157 (8.3) | | Fracture characteristics | | | | 0.076 | | | | Upper extremity | 56 (10.67) | 186 (13.61) | 0.049 | 242 (12.79) | | Lower extremity | 409 (77.9) | 1000 (73.15) | 0.019 | 1409 (74.47) | | Spine | 42 (8) | 144 (10.53) | 0.056 | 186 (9.83) | | Multiple | 18 (3.43) | 37 (2.71) | 0.243 | 55 (2.91) | | Preventive measures of pressure ulcer | | | | 0.001 | | | | 0 | 3 (0.57) | 5 (0.37) | 0.074 | 8 (0.42) | | 1 | 5 (0.95) | 12 (0.88) | 0.029 | 17 (0.9) | | 2 | 128 (24.38) | 327 (23.92) | <0.001 | 455 (24.05) | | 3 | 59 (11.24) | 272 (19.9) | 0.013 | 331 (17.49) | | 4 | 226 (43.05) | 520 (38.04) | <0.001 | 746 (39.43) | | 5 | 104 (19.81) | 231 (16.9) | 0.002 | 335 (17.71) | | Preventive measures of HAP | | | | 0.009 | | | | 0 | 0 | 3 (0.22) | 0.377 | 3 (0.16) | | 1 | 11 (2.1) | 28 (2.05) | 0.007 | 39 (2.06) | | 2 | 9 (1.71) | 26 (1.9) | 0.479 | 35 (1.85) | | 3 | 286 (54.48) | 863 (63.13) | 0.005 | 1149 (60.73) | | 4 | 191 (36.38) | 399 (29.19) | 0.004 | 590 (31.18) | | 5 | 28 (5.33) | 48 (3.51) | 0.016 | 76 (4.02) | | Preventive measures of UTI | | | | 0.028 | | | | 0 | 3 (0.57) | 11 (0.8) | 0.01 | 14 (0.74) | | 1 | 106 (20.19) | 365 (26.7) | <0.001 | 471 (24.89) | | 2 | 18 (3.43) | 62 (4.54) | 0.364 | 80 (4.23) | | 3 | 100 (19.05) | 251 (18.36) | <0.001 | 351 (18.55) | | 4 | 269 (51.24) | 592 (43.31) | 0.402 | 861 (45.51) | | 5 | 28 (5.33) | 85 (6.22) | 0.482 | 113 (5.97) | | 6 | 1 (0.19) | 1 (0.07) | 0.522 | 2 (0.11) | | Preventive measures of lower extremity VTE | | | | 0.058 | | | | 0 | 7 (1.33) | 8 (0.59) | 0.007 | 15 (0.79) | | 1 | 238 (45.33) | 669 (48.94) | <0.001 | 907 (47.94) | | 2 | 231 (44) | 526 (38.48) | <0.001 | 757 (40.01) | | 3 | 48 (9.14) | 159 (11.63) | <0.001 | 207 (10.94) | | 4 | 1 (0.19) | 5 (0.37) | 0.53 | 6 (0.32) | | Preventive measures of constipation | | | | 0.628 | | | | 0 | 12 (2.29) | 23 (1.68) | <0.001 | 35 (1.85) | | 1 | 373 (71.05) | 961 (70.3) | 0.001 | 1334 (70.51) | | 2 | 137 (26.1) | 378 (27.65) | <0.001 | 515 (27.22) | | 3 | 3 (0.57) | 4 (0.29) | 0.621 | 7 (0.37) | | 4 | 0 | 1 (0.07) | 0.723 | 1 (0.05) |
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test; : number; UTI: urinary tract infection; VTE: venous thromboembolism; HAP: hospital-acquired pneumonia; PU: pressure ulcer; CNS: central nervous system.
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