Transcriptomics: A Step behind the Comprehension of the Polygenic Influence on Oxidative Stress, Immune Deregulation, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease

Figure 1

Schematic representation of the main factors involved in microinflammation and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease (CKD). As reported, (1) bioincompatible dialysis devices and plastificants; (2) classical inflammatory cytokines and new emerging biological elements such as pentraxin-3 (PTX3), TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), and adipokines; (3) uremia-induced intestinal dysbiosis with an increased translocation of gut bacteria and bacterial components into the circulation; and (4) mitochondrial deregulation may have a central role in the onset of chronic microinflammatory state and oxidative stress and development of malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis (MIA) syndrome, systemic complications, immune system deregulation, cardiovascular complications, and other systemic comorbidities in CKD patients.