Compared 74 women with spontaneous abortion during the 1st or 2nd trimester with 62 women with induced abortion. No difference in CT rates in spontaneous versus induced abortion groups (8.11% versus 8.06%, )
Compared 77 women with spontaneous abortion at 6–24 weeks’ gestation with 25 women at 6–16 weeks’ gestation with induced abortion. CT was recovered more frequently among women with spontaneous compared to induced abortion (15.6% versus 4%)
Compared 71 women with ovarian pregnancy, 145 women with tubal pregnancy, and 146 women with intrauterine pregnancy (controls). Differences were noted in rates of serological evidence of CT between groups of women with ovarian pregnancy (14.9%), tubal pregnancy (34%), and intrauterine pregnancy (9.9%), , but a significant association was not seen when comparing ovarian to intrauterine pregnancy
Evaluated 113 women with ectopic pregnancy versus 226 controls with spontaneous miscarriage and tested cervical and tubal samples for CT (also evaluated for gonorrhea and syphilis). CT DNA from cervical swabs was more frequently recovered from ectopic pregnancy cases versus controls (8% versus 2.2%, ); CT recovered from 15% of tubal samples from women with ectopic pregnancy
Case-control study of 343 women evaluated for CT and Waddlia chondrophila. CT IgG was associated with ectopic pregnancy (aOR 5.4, 95% CI 2.6–11.3), but no CT DNA was recovered from tubal lesions
84% of women with ectopic pregnancy versus 53% of controls (5–12 weeks’ gestation) and 39% of controls (32–41 weeks’ gestation) had positive CT serology, . CT recovered from tube cultures in 71% of ectopic pregnancies; positive CT serology associated with pelvic adhesions
Compared CT serology in 104 women with ectopic pregnancies versus 90 controls (those with full-term pregnancies). Significantly higher rates of CT antibodies (titer ≥ 1 : 16) seen in women with ectopic pregnancy and abnormal tubes (69%) compared with ectopic pregnancy and normal tubes (22%) versus intrauterine pregnancy controls (38%), . Similar findings seen for those with higher CT titer antibodies (≥1 : 64) for women with ectopic pregnancy and abnormal tubes (26%), ectopic pregnancy and normal tubes (0%) versus controls (4%),
CT and preterm rupture of membranes, preterm labor, and/or preterm birth (studies = 9)
Evaluated 78 pregnant women in the 3rd trimester for CT and found higher rates of premature labor (9.7% versus 0%), low birth weight infants (28.7% versus 2.6%), and intrauterine death (4.7% versus 0%) among CT-infected versus uninfected women
Two cohorts evaluated for CT among pregnant women: () 94 women at 26–30 weeks’ gestation evaluated for CT, () 172 women evaluated at labor for CT. Mean (SD) birth weight 2869 (611) g versus 2814 (496) g, gestation 38.5 (2.6) weeks versus 38.3 (2.0) weeks, low birth weight 18.7% versus 20.7%, and prematurity rates (9.4% versus 10.7%) were similar among infants of CT-infected and uninfected women. Purulent conjunctivitis was more frequent among infants born to CT-infected versus uninfected women (12.5% versus 2.8%, )
Evaluated 273 pregnant women at 26–36 weeks’ gestation for CT (3.3%) and pregnancy outcomes were followed. Rates of preterm labor (14.3% versus 3.5%), PROM (28.6% versus 17.5%), and low birth weight infants (14.3% versus 11.5%) were higher among CT-infected women compared to uninfected women but were not significantly different
Evaluated 1177 postpartum women in a secondary analysis of a micronutrient supplement trial. No difference was found in preterm birth (30% versus 20.7%; OR 1.6, 95% CI 0.4–6.4) and low birth weight (40% versus 38.4%; OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.2–4.6) among CT-infected and uninfected women. Eye discharge was only associated with gonorrhea not CT
Evaluated 126 pregnant women between 28 and 34 weeks’ gestation and found that CT-infected women were more likely than CT-uninfected women to have preterm labor (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.1–6.97)
Evaluated 206 pregnant women for CT and other infections and found that CT-infected women had higher rates of premature deliveries of 47% (8/17) versus 17% (28/163) in CT-uninfected women,
Evaluated infant outcomes in 11 women with CT cervicitis and 13 women without CT and found lower birth weights (2446 g versus 3017 g, ) among CT-infected women but no significant differences in mean gestational age (36.8 versus 38.5 weeks, ) or rates of premature delivery (45.5% versus 23.1%). Also evaluated other infant outcomes: severe neonatal infection (27.3% versus 0%). No CT was recovered from infant conjunctival swabs from either group
Evaluated 256 women at the first antenatal visit as part of a larger cervicitis pregnancy study, and CT was not associated with low birth weight (2803 g versus 2919 g) or premature delivery (27% versus 16%, RR 2, 95% CI 0.6–6.1)
Refer to Table 2 for further details on study by Adachi et al. [60], regarding CT, preterm delivery, and low birth weight.
