High Intensity Resistance Training Methods with and without Protein Supplementation to Fight Cardiometabolic Risk in Middle-Aged Males: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 2
Effects of high intensity resistance exercise training (HIT) versus sedentary control (CG) on metabolic syndrome parameters. Intergroup differences were consistently adjusted for baseline values.
HI(IT)
HIT & P
HVHIT
CG
Overall-
Metabolic syndrome index (-Score)
Baseline
−0.71 ± 2.94
−2.01 ± 2.42
−2.37 ± 3.21
−1.91 ± 3.07
0.101
Difference
−1.03 ± 1.56
−0.79 ± 0.91
−0.83 ± 0.76
0.31 ± 0.87
<0.001
Waist circumference (cm)
Baseline
101.4 ± 10.6
99.7 ± 11.3
95.5 ± 11.3
97.1 ± 11.0
0.151
Difference
−1.60 ± 2.36
−0.95 ± 2.37
−0.92 ± 2.40
0.09 ± 1.88
0.018
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) (mm/Hg)
Baseline
100.7 ± 10.1
108 ± 8.5
97.4 ± 8.3
99.0 ± 9.5
0.406
Difference
−3.84 ± 3.90
−2.27 ± 3.68
−2.22 ± 3.55
0.09 ± 2.87
<0.001
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
Baseline
168.3 ± 77.6
150.1 ± 70.2
161.5 ± 80.1
146.0 ± 74.9
0.582
Difference
−5.5 ± 35.4
−22.0 ± 41.9
−12.5 ± 30.6
23.9 ± 39.6
<0.001
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)
Baseline
97.8 ± 18.5
89.1 ± 7.7
92.4 ± 13.9
95.4 ± 14.3
0.582
Difference
−2.41 ± 6.33
−1.65 ± 5.63
−2.07 ± 4.16
−0.19 ± 5.27
0.349
Cholesterol/high density lipoprotein Cholesterol (mg/dL)
Baseline
4.81 ± 1.17
4.25 ± 0.82
4.26 ± 1.12
4.65 ± 1.28
0.091
Difference
−0.23 ± 0.42
−0.20 ± 0.31
−0.21 ± 0.26
0.03 ± 0.34
0.005
Abdominal body fat (%)
Baseline
29.8 ± 6.9
28.3 ± 7.6
26.9 ± 9.4
27.9 ± 8.9
0.425
Difference
−1.42 ± 2.09
−0.86 ± 2.32
−0.83 ± 1.72
0.38 ± 2.01
0.003
Asterisk () indicates changes within the group: ; ; ; n.s.: nonsignificant. Results of post hoc tests with dedicated comparisons between the groups are listed in the text.