Clinical Study

High Intensity Resistance Training Methods with and without Protein Supplementation to Fight Cardiometabolic Risk in Middle-Aged Males: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 2

Effects of high intensity resistance exercise training (HIT) versus sedentary control (CG) on metabolic syndrome parameters. Intergroup differences were consistently adjusted for baseline values.

HI(IT)HIT & PHVHITCGOverall-

Metabolic syndrome index (-Score)
 Baseline−0.71 ± 2.94−2.01 ± 2.42−2.37 ± 3.21−1.91 ± 3.070.101
 Difference−1.03 ± 1.56 −0.79 ± 0.91−0.83 ± 0.760.31 ± 0.87<0.001

Waist circumference (cm)
 Baseline101.4 ± 10.699.7 ± 11.395.5 ± 11.397.1 ± 11.00.151
 Difference−1.60 ± 2.36−0.95 ± 2.37−0.92 ± 2.400.09 ± 1.880.018
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) (mm/Hg)
 Baseline100.7 ± 10.1108 ± 8.597.4 ± 8.399.0 ± 9.50.406
 Difference−3.84 ± 3.90−2.27 ± 3.68−2.22 ± 3.550.09 ± 2.87<0.001
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
 Baseline168.3 ± 77.6150.1 ± 70.2161.5 ± 80.1146.0 ± 74.90.582
 Difference−5.5 ± 35.4−22.0 ± 41.9−12.5 ± 30.623.9 ± 39.6<0.001
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)
 Baseline97.8 ± 18.589.1 ± 7.792.4 ± 13.995.4 ± 14.30.582
 Difference−2.41 ± 6.33−1.65 ± 5.63−2.07 ± 4.16−0.19 ± 5.270.349
Cholesterol/high density lipoprotein Cholesterol (mg/dL)
 Baseline4.81 ± 1.174.25 ± 0.824.26 ± 1.124.65 ± 1.280.091
 Difference−0.23 ± 0.42−0.20 ± 0.31−0.21 ± 0.260.03 ± 0.340.005
Abdominal body fat (%)
 Baseline29.8 ± 6.928.3 ± 7.626.9 ± 9.427.9 ± 8.90.425
 Difference−1.42 ± 2.09−0.86 ± 2.32−0.83 ± 1.720.38 ± 2.010.003

Asterisk () indicates changes within the group: ; ; ; n.s.: nonsignificant. Results of post hoc tests with dedicated comparisons between the groups are listed in the text.