Mouse Models in Prostate Cancer Translational Research: From Xenograft to PDX

Table 3

Prostatic knockout and conditional knockout mouse models.

Name	Type	Background strain	Year	Features	Disadvantages	Reference
RARγ	KO	C57Bl6F1	1993	Squamous cell metaplasia in prostate and seminal vesicles	PCa not developed; mucosal alteration, inflammation	[50]
Kip1	KO	C57BL/6	1996	Hyperplasia of prostate acinar cells (similar to that seen in PPH)	Hyperplasia of multiple organs; not metastases	[51]
Nkx3.1	KO	129/SvImJ; C57Bl/6J	1999	Severe hyperplasia/dysplasia with haploinsufficiency (in heterozygous)	Altered morphogenesis of salivary glands	[52]
PTEN	KO	C57BL6/J	1998	PIN development	Off-target alteration: gonads, lymphoid cells, uterus, thyroid, adrenal glands	[53]
PTEN × p27	KO	C57BL6/J	2001	PCa progression with high take rate	Off-target alteration: endometrium, thyroid, adrenal glands	[54]
PTEN × p53	KO	129 SvJ	2009	HGPIN	Off-target alteration: gonads, lymphoid cells, uterus, thyroid, adrenal glands	[55]
	Conditional KO	FVB	2005	Various stages of hyper/displasia; High translational potential	Rare lymph nodes metastases	[56]
	Conditional KO	C57BL/6	2004	Hyperplasia with loss of basement membrane integrity	Insufficient transformation	[57]
	Conditional KO	C57BL/6xDBA2 × FVB/N	2006	Metastatic carcinoma (also with distant metastases)	Rare skeletal metastases	[58]
	Conditional KO	C57Bl/6J and 129Sv/J	2007	PIN followed by locally adenocarcinoma	Not distant metastases displayed	[59]
	Conditional KO	FVB/NJ	2008	Hyperplasia	Insufficient transformation	[60]
	Conditional KO	Mixed genetic background	2010	Early HGPIN (from 12 mths) due to high DNA damage	Rare metastasis	[61]

HGPIN: high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia.