High Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Variability Is Correlated with the Occurrence of Peripheral Arterial Disease in the First Decade following a Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A New Biomarker from Old Measurement
Table 1
Characteristics of the study participants ().
Characteristic
Age at DM diagnosis (y)
Sex (male, %)
390 (47.3)
Smoking status (none/former/current)
628/49/148
Hypertension (%)
629 (76.2)
Hyperlipidemia (%)
793 (96.1)
Body mass index (kg/m2)
26.8 ± 3.9
Number of measurements
45.0 ± 24.8
Average SBP (mmHg)
136.8 ± 10.2
Number of measurements
63.4 ± 29.4
SD of SBP (mmHg)
14.8 ± 3.8
Maximum of SBP (mmHg)
174.5 ± 17.5
Delta SBP (mmHg)
72.5 ± 25.6
Average DBP (mmHg)
73.5 ± 6.4
SD of DBP (mmHg)
7.5 ± 2.1
Maximum of DBP (mmHg)
93.8 ± 11.3
Delta DBP (mmHg)
38.2 ± 14.6
Hemoglobin (%)
7.6 ± 1.0
Number of measurements
34.6 ± 10.9
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
193.5 ± 28.6
Number of measurements
11.9 ± 6.1
High-density lipoprotein (mg/dL)
38.5 ± 10.6
Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL)
118.5 ± 20.0
Triglyceride (mg/dL)
150.1 ± 112.1
Initial creatinine (mg/dL)
0.76 ± 0.54
Average creatinine (mg/dL)
0.99 ± 0.71
Number of measurements
17.9 ± 6.7
Clinical events during the 10-year follow-up
PAD (%)
114 (13.8)
(%)
123 (14.9)
CAD or MI (%)
38 (4.6)
TIA or stroke (%)
88 (10.7)
Total follow-up period (months)
148.1 ± 16.0
DM, diabetes mellitus; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; CAD, coronary artery disease; MI, myocardial infarction; TIA, transient ischemic attack; CKD, chronic kidney disease. as cerebrovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and Parkinson’s disease that required medical treatment and long-term follow-up.
