MicroRNA as a Therapeutic Target in Cardiac Remodeling

Table 6

Summary of reported miRNAs and their targets in angiogenesis.

miRNAs	Targets	Effector cells	Signal pathways	References
Proangiogenesis
miR-126	Spred-1	HEPCs	VEGF
	PIK3R2	HEPCs	VEGF	[156, 157]
	CCN1	HEPCs	TEN/AKT
miR-130a	GAX	HUVECs and EGM-2	Transcription
	HOXA5	HUVECs and EGM-2	Transcription	[158, 159]
	PTEN	MI mouse	PI3K/Akt
miR-17–92 cluster	Tsp1	HUVECs	VEGF
	CTGF	HUVECs	TGFβ	[160]
	BMP4	HUVECs	Bmp4/Smad
miR-210	Ephrin-A3,	HUVECs	VEGF	[81, 161, 162]
	PTP1b	MHL-1Cs	VEGF
miR-146a	VEGF	hMSCs	Shh	[65]
miR-296	HGS	HBMVECs		[163]
miR-378	SuFu	U87 cells	Shh	[164, 165]
	Fus-1	U87 cells	Shh
miR-132	p120RasGAP	HUVECs	Ras	[166]
miR-23/27	Sprouty2,	HUVECs	ERK-MAPK	[167]
	Sema6A	HUVECs	VECF
miR-27b	Dll4,	LLC1 and ATCC	Dll4/Notch	[168]
	PPARγ	LLC1 and ATCC	PPAR
miR-24	GATA2,	HVSMCs and HUVECs	cGMP-PKG	[169, 170]
	PAK4	HVSMCs and HUVECs	TGF-β1/Smads
	eNOS	MI mouse, HUVECs and HMVECs	PI3K/Akt
Antiangiogenesis
miR-214	XBP1	HUVECs	VEGF	[171]
miR-34 family	SIRT1	HUVECs, HMVECs and HAECs	AMPK	[172–174]
	vinculin	LNA-antimiR-34–treated MI mice and H9c2 cell	FAK1
	Pofut1	LNA-antimiR-34–treated MI mice and H9c2 cell	Notch
	Notch1	LNA-antimiR-34–treated MI mice and H9c2 cell	Notch
	VEGF	LNA-antimiR-34–treated MI mice and H9c2 cell	VEGF
	Sema4b	LNA-antimiR-34–treated MI mice and H9c2 cell	VECF
miR-29a/101a	TGFb-1	MI rats	TGFb pathway	[175]
miR-15b-5p	AKT3	HUVECs	PI3K-Akt	[176]
miR-100	mTOR	ESMCs, VSMCs	mTOR	[177]
miR-200b	ZEB1/SIP1	MDCKCs and HBCCs	mTOR	[178–181]
	GATA2	Dermal wound-edge ECs	VEGF
	VEGFR2	Dermal wound-edge ECs	VEGF
	Flt1	HUVECs	VEGF
	KDR	HUVECs	VEGF
miR-503	cdc25A	HUVECs, HMVECs and HVSMCs	MAPK	[182]
	CCNE1	HUVECs, HMVECs and HVSMCs	Notch
miR-15a	FGF2	HUVECs	PI3K-AKT	[183, 184]
	VEGF	HUVECs	VEGF
miR-320	IGF-1	MCECs, NRCMs	PI3K-Akt	[185, 186]
	Hsp20	MCECs, NRCMs	RNA degradation
	Ets2	MCECs, NRCMs	PI3K-Akt
miR-329	CD146	HUVECs, HMECs	VEGF and TNF-α	[187]
miR-92a	ITGA5	RMUG-S, OVISE and RMG-1	Rho/ROCK	[188–190]

CCNE1: cyclin E1; cdc25A: cell division cycle 25A; CTGF: connective tissue growth factor; Dll4: delta-like protein 4; eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase; Ets2: Euro Truck Simulator 2; FGF2: fibroblast growth factor 2; FGFR1: fibroblast growth factor receptor 1; GATA2: GATA binding protein 2; GAX: gaseous oxygen; HGS: hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate; HOXA5: homeobox A5; IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor 1; ITGA5: integrin subunits a5; mTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin; PIK3R2: phosphoinositol-3 kinase regulatory subunit 2; Pofut1: protein O-fucosyltransferase 1; Pparγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; Sema4b: semaphorin 4B; Sema6A: semaphorin 6A; SIP1: Smad interacting protein 1; SIRT1: Sirtuin 1; Sprouty2: sprouty homolog 2; Tsp1: thrombospondin-1; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR2: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1; XBP1: X-box binding protein 1; ZEB1: zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1; FAK: focal adhesion kinase; HUVECs: human umbilical vein ECs; EGM-2: endothelial growth medium 2; MHL-1Cs: mouse HL-1 cardiomyocytes; hMSCs: human mesenchymal stem cells; Shh: sonic hedgehog signaling; HBMVECs: human brain microvascular endothelial cells; LLC1: Lewis lung carcinoma; ATCC: RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cell lines; HVSMCs: human vascular smooth muscle cells; HUVECs: human umbilical vein endothelial cells; HMVECs: human microvascular ECs; HAECs: human aortic endothelial cell; ESMCs: endothelial smooth muscle cells; VSMCs: vascular smooth muscle cells; HVSMCs: human VSMCs cells; MDCKCs: Madin-Darby canine kidney cells; HBCCs: human breast cancer cells; dermal wound-edge ECs: dermal wound-edge endothelial cells; MCECs: mouse cardiac endothelial cells; NRCMs: neonatal rat cardiomyocytes; HMECs: human microvascular endothelial cells.