Reliability of Growth Indicators and Efficiency of Functional Treatment for Skeletal Class II Malocclusion: Current Evidence and Controversies

Figure 1

Diagram of the stages of the hand and wrist maturation (HWM) method according to Fishman [35]. The method is also referred to as skeletal maturity assessment (SMA). Blue, prepubertal stages; red, pubertal stages; black, postpubertal stages. See Table 1 for details. Modified from Fishman [35] with permission.