Reliability of Growth Indicators and Efficiency of Functional Treatment for Skeletal Class II Malocclusion: Current Evidence and Controversies

Table 5

Description of the stages of the most common cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method according to Baccetti et al. [20] with corresponding codes.

Stage description	Attainment
CS1: lower borders of the second, third, and fourth vertebrae (C2, C3, and C4) flat and the bodies of C3 and C4 trapezoid in shape	At least 2 years before the pubertal growth spurt
CS2: only the lower border of C2 with concavity and the bodies of C3 and C4 trapezoid	About 1 year before the pubertal growth spurt
CS3: lower borders of C2 to C3 with concavities and the bodies of C3 and C4 either trapezoid or rectangular horizontal in shape	At coincidence of the ascending portion of the pubertal growth spurt
CS4: lower borders of C2 to C4 with concavities and the bodies of both C3 and C4 both (or at least one, a) rectangular horizontal	At coincidence of the descending portion of the pubertal growth spurt
CS5: lower borders of C2 to C4 with concavities and at least one or both of the bodies of C3 and C4 squared.	About 1 year after the pubertal growth spurt
CS6: lower borders of C2 to C4 with concavities and at least one or both of C3 and C4 rectangular vertical	At least 2 years after the pubertal growth spurt