Extracorporeal Shock Wave Rebuilt Subchondral Bone In Vivo and Activated Wnt5a/Ca²⁺ Signaling In Vitro

Figure 1

Longitudinal changes of gait parameters in rats. Imbalance in various indicators according to depth at 0th week (0 w), 2nd week (2 w), 4th week (4 w), 6th week (6 w), and 8th week (8 w) was measured by the gait analysis paradigm in rats after OA models were established successfully. Values presented are mean ± 95% confidence interval of the corresponding numerical. In the OA and OA + ESW group, significant differences were seen compared with the control. (a) The swing speed (mm/s) at 2 w, 6 w, and 8 w (; and compared with the control group). (b) The max contact area (mm²) at 4 w, 6 w, and 8 w (, and compared with the control group). (c) The single stance (s) at 8 w (, and compared with the control group). (d) The duty cycle (%) at 6 w and 8 w (, and compared with the control group). (e) The stand (s) at 6 w and 8 w (; and compared with the control group). (f) The swing (s) at 6 w and 8 w (, and compared with the control group). No difference was observed within groups but for OA + ESW groups represents the time point at which significant differences were seen in OA + ESW group compared with the baseline (0 w). The other essential results were attached in supplemental information (Figure S3). Error bar is standard error of mean [SEM].

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