A Comparative Study of Oral Microbiota in Infants with Complete Cleft Lip and Palate or Cleft Soft Palate
Table 4
Development of the oral microbiota between T1 and T2 in CLP subjects.
Microorganism
†+→+
‡+→−
§−→+
#−→−
p
OR
95% CI
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
Streptococcus mitis
19 (63)
0
11 (37)
0
0.006
NA
NA
Streptococcus oralis
1 (3)
0
2 (6)
27 (90)
0.479
NA
NA
Streptococcus pneumoniae
1 (3)
0
3 (10)
21 (70)
0.248
NA
NA
Streptococcus sanguinis
5 (16)
1 (3)
10 (33)
14 (47)
0.012
10
1.28–78.12
Streptococcus salivarius
7 (23)
1 (3)
22 (73)
0
<0.001
22
2.96–16.21
Streptococcus vestibularis
2 (6)
1 (3)
1 (3)
26 (87)
0.497
2
0.18–22.05
Streptococcus bovis biovar I
2 (6)
6 (20)
2 (6)
20 (67)
0.288
3
0.72–49.83
Streptococcus acidominimus
2 (6)
0
2 (6)
26 (87)
0.497
NA
NA
Streptococcus agalactiae
0
0
2 (6)
28 (93)
0.497
NA
NA
Streptococcus pyogenes
0
0
4 (13)
26 (87)
0.125
NA
NA
Streptococcusdysgalactiae
0
2 (6)
0
28 (93)
0.497
NA
NA
Streptococcus uberis
1 (3)
1 (3)
1 (3)
27 (90)
1.00
1
0.06–15.98
Streptococcus anginosus
1 (3)
1 (3)
2 (6)
26 (87)
1.00
2
0.18–22.05
Streptococcus intermedius
5 (17)
0
3 (10)
22 (73)
0.248
NA
NA
Streptococcus constellatus
3 (10)
1 (3)
1 (3)
25 (83)
1.00
1
0.06–15.98
Lactobacillus spp.
3 (10)
1 (3)
5 (17)
21 (70)
0.218
5
0.58–42.79
Gemella haemolysans
5 (17)
0
3 (10)
22 (73)
0.248
NA
NA
Gemella morbillorum
0
6 (20)
0
24 (80)
0.041
NA
NA
Enterococcus spp.
2 (6)
0
2 (6)
26 (87)
0.497
NA
NA
Staphylococcus aureus MSSA
12 (40)
1 (3)
16 (53)
1 (3)
<0.001
16
2.12–12.65
Staphylococcus aureus MRSA
0
1 (3)
0
29 (97)
1
NA
NA
Staphylococcus xylosus
0
4 (13)
4 (13)
26 (87)
0.733
1
0.25–3.99
Staphylococcus epidermidis
9 (30)
1 (3)
16 (53)
4 (13)
<0.001
16
2.12–12.65
Staphylococcus hominis
1 (3)
2 (6)
3 (10)
24 (80)
1
1.5
0.25–8.97
Staphylococcus haemolyticus
0
1 (3)
0
29 (97)
1
NA
NA
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
0
3 (10)
0
27 (90)
0.248
NA
NA
Lactococcus lactis
1 (3)
0
3 (10)
26 (87)
0.248
NA
NA
Neisseria spp.
3 (10)
2 (6)
13 (43)
12 (40)
0.007
6.5
1.46–28.80
Moraxella spp.
0
1 (3)
0
29 (97)
1
NA
NA
Acinetobacter lwoffii
0
2 (6)
0
28 (93)
0.479
NA
NA
Acinetobacter baumannii
0
1 (3)
0
29 (97)
1
NA
NA
Enterobacter cloacae
3 (10)
0
9 (30)
18 (60)
0.021
NA
NA
Enterobacter kobei
2 (6)
1 (3)
6 (20)
21 (70)
0.125
6
0.72–49.83
Enterobacter aerogenes
2 (6)
0
2 (6)
26 (87)
0.479
NA
NA
Enterobacter asburiae
0
1 (3)
0
29 (97)
1
NA
NA
Serratia liquefaciens
0
2 (6)
0
28 (93)
0.479
NA
NA
Serratia fonticola
0
3 (10)
0
27 (90)
0.248
NA
NA
Klebsiella pneumoniae
5 (17)
1 (3)
11 (37)
13 (43)
0.006
11
1.42–85.20
Klebsiella oxytoca
4 (13)
1 (3)
18 (60)
7 (23)
<0.001
18
2.40–13.83
Citrobacter spp.
0
1 (3)
0
29 (97)
1
NA
NA
Escherichia coli
1 (3)
5 (17)
10 (33)
14 (47)
0.301
2
0.68–5.85
† Number () and percentage (%) of patients with the bacterial species present at both T1 and T2. ‡ Number () and percentage (%) of patients with the bacterial species present at T1 but not at T2; §Number () and percentage (%) of patients without the bacterial species present at T1 but with it at T2. #Number () and percentage (%) of patients without the bacterial species present at T1 or T2. Test; OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, confidence interval of 95%; NA, not applicable. Results in boldface have reached statistical significance (p < 0.05).
