Care-Related and Maternal Risk Factors Associated with the Antenatal Nondetection of Intrauterine Growth Restriction: A Case-Control Study from Bremen, Germany
Table 2
Newborn characteristics in total and stratified by cases and controls.
Newborn characteristics
Total () % ()
IUGR detected (controls) () % ()
IUGR undetected (cases) () % ()
Sex
Male
50.9 (82)
50.6 (39)
51.2 (43)
Female
49.1 (79)
49.4 (38)
48.8 (41)
Multiple gestation
Yes
9.3 (15)
11.7 (9)
7.1 (6)
No
90.7 (146)
88.3 (68)
92.9 (78)
Birthweight percentile
<10th
45.3 (73)
32.5 (25)
57.1 (48)
<5th percentile
10.6 (17)
14.3 (11)
7.1 (6)
<3rd percentile
44.1 (71)
53.2 (41)
35.7 (30)
Fetal anomalies
Yes
8.1 (13)
11.7 (9)
4.8 (4)
No
95.0 (153)
88.3 (68)
95.2 (80)
Number of admissions to
Yes
23.6 (38)
35.1 (27)
13.1 (11)
No
76.4 (123)
64.9 (50)
86.9 (73)
Apgar score
1 min
Severe depression
1.2 (2)
2.6 (2)
—
Minor depression
6.2 (10)
6.5 (5)
6.0 (5)
Normal
91.9 (148)
90.9 (70)
92.9 (78)
5 min
Severe depression
—
—
—
Minor depression
2.5 (4)
3.9 (3)
1.2 (1)
Normal
96.9 (156)
96.1 (74)
97.6 (82)
Umbilical cord blood pH
Ideal
48.4 (78)
48.1 (37)
48.8 (41)
Normal
35.4 (57)
33.8 (26)
36.9 (31)
Minor acidification
11.2 (18)
13.0 (10)
9.5 (8)
Moderate acidification
1.2 (2)
1.3 (1)
1.2 (1)
Missing value
3.7 (6)
3.9 (3)
3.6 (3)
Mode of delivery
Vaginal
50.3 (81)
41.6 (32)
58.3 (49)
Cesarean section (elective)
13.7 (22)
22.1 (17)
6.0 (5)
Cesarean section (secondary)
25.5 (41)
29.9 (23)
21.4 (18)
Other
10.5 (17)
6.5 (5)
14.3 (12)
newborns with a birthweight >10th percentile for gestational age and sex, but with (antenatal) diagnosis of IUGR/SGA. : neonatal care unit.
