Exploration of the Association between Nurses’ Moral Distress and Secondary Traumatic Stress Syndrome: Implications for Patient Safety in Mental Health Services
Table 1
Sociodemographic or work-related characteristics of the participants and self-reported satisfaction measures ().
Variable
Categories
Frequency ()
Relative frequency (%)
Gender
Female
116
56.3%
Male
90
43.7%
Age
<30
48
23.3%
30–34
71
34.5%
35–39
40
19.4%
≥40
43
20.9%
Not reported
4
1.9%
Education
2- or 3-year diploma
4
1.9%
Bachelor degree
126
61.2%
Postgraduate degree
73
35.4%
Doctoral degree
1
0.5%
Not reported
2
1.0%
Marital status
Married/cohabiting
135
66.2%
Single
54
26.5%
Divorced, separated, widowed
15
7.4%
Children
None
73
35.4%
One
45
21.8%
Two
63
30.6%
Three or more
25
12.2%
Physical activity
Never
78
37.9%
1-2 times/week
76
37.3%
More than 3 times/week
50
24.5%
Not reported
2
1%
Alcohol use
Not weekly
110
53.4%
1-2 glasses/week
87
42.2%
More than 3/week
4
1.9%
Not reported
5
2.4%
Region
Nicosia
119
57.8%
Limassol
56
27.2%
Larnaca
18
7.8%
Paphos/Famagusta
15
7.3%
Setting
Athalassa psychiatric hospital
45
22.1%
Psychiatric wards in general hospitals
20
9.8%
Inpatient substance use treatment units
15
7.4%
Inpatient child/adolescent units
14
6.8%
Community mental health services
49
24.0%
Psychosocial rehabilitation units
7
3.4%
Outpatient child/adolescent services
17
8.3%
Outpatient substance use treatment units
31
15.2%
Mental health services in Prison
6
2.9%
Position
Nurse
180
87.8%
Senior Nurse
23
11.2%
Nurse Manager
2
1.0%
Intention to leave
Have previously left position
3
1.5%
Considered leaving position
43
20.9%
Never considered leaving
146
70.9%
Not reported
14
6.8%
Mean (SD)
Median (IQR)
Overall work experience (years)
11.6 (7.4)
10.0 (6–15)
Length of employment in current position (years)
4.0 (3.8)
3.0 (1–t5)
Job satisfaction (NAS 0–10)
6.6 (2.1)
7.0 (5–8)
General personal life satisfaction (NAS 0–10)
8.0 (1.5)
8.0 (7–9)
Satisfaction with social relationships (NAS 0–10)
7.9 (1.4)
8.0 (7–9)
Satisfaction with therapeutic relations (NAS 0–10)
