Recent Progress in Deciphering the Etiopathogenesis of Primary Membranous Nephropathy

Table 1

A summary of studies investigating the prevalence of either phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies, glomerular phospholipase A2 receptor staining, or both in primary membranous nephropathy. ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), IFT (Indirect Immunofluorescence Test), PLA2R (phospholipase a2 receptor), PLA2R-Ab (phospholipase a2 receptor antibody), WB (Western blot). of serum samples was decreased to 1 : 10, and exposure time was increased to 10 minutes.

Reference	Country	Prevalence (PLA2R-Ab)	Detection method	Prevalence (PLA2R staining)	Predominant IgG subclass
[15]	USA	26/37 (70%)	WB
[17]	Netherlands, France, UK	87/117 (74%),; 84/117 (72%)	IFT,; ELISA		IgG4 (81/87, serum)
[18]	Germany	60/88 (68%)	IFT	61/88 (69%)	IgG4 (58/61, biopsy)
[19]	Netherlands	14/18 (78%)	WB		IgG4 (14/14, serum)
[20]	Germany	133/163 (82%)	IFT, ELISA
[21]	Korea	69/100 (69%)	WB
[22]	India	75/114 (65%),; 76/114 (67%)	IFT,; ELISA	86/114 (75%)
[23]	China	53/82 (65%); 51/82 (62%)	IFT,; ELISA
[24]	China	49/60 (82%); 59/60	WB
[25]	China	392/572 (69%)	ELISA	514/572 (90%)	IgG4 (97.7% (PLA2R-Ab/R +/+), 98.4% (PLA2R-Ab/R −/+))
[26]	China			165/179 (92%)	IgG4 (167/179, 93%)
[27]	Japan	53/100 (53%)	WB
[28]	Japan	19/38 (50%); 19/38 (50%)	IFT,; ELISA	20/38 (53%)	IgG4 (20/20, biopsy)
[29]	Japan			29/55 (53%)	IgG4 (28/29, biopsy)