Recent Progress in Deciphering the Etiopathogenesis of Primary Membranous Nephropathy

Table 2

Secondary causes of membranous nephropathy and the prevalence of either PLA2R-Ab or positive glomerular PLA2R staining are summarized. AID (autoimmune diseases), ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), IgG4-RD (IgG4-related disease), IFT (Indirect Immunofluorescence Test), LN (lupus nephritis), PLA2R (Phospholipase A2 Receptor), PLA2R-Ab (phospholipase A2 receptor antibody), and WB (Western blot). , 25/39 (64%) of patients with hepatitis B-associated MN had detectable PLA2R staining, whereas PLA2R positivity was found in 1/38 (2.6%) of lupus nephritis cases. decreasing the dilution, 2 additional cases of hepatitis B-associated MN were considered positive.

Reference	Country	Prevalence (PLA2R-Ab)	Detection method	Prevalence (PLA2R staining)	Predominant IgG subclass	Entities
[15]	USA	0/8 (0%)	WB			LN, hepatitis B
[30]	Sweden	0/25 (0%)	IFT			LN
[27]	Japan	0/31 (0%)	WB			AID, cancer, drugs, hepatitis B, others
[28]	Japan	0/21 (0%)	IFT, ELISA			LN, cancer, hepatitis B
[29]	Japan			2/37 (5%)	IgG4 (2/2, biopsy)	AID, cancer, drugs, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, thyroiditis
[31]	USA			14/80 (18%)	IgG4 (6/6, biopsy)	AID, cancer, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, syphilis
[32]	China			26/77		LN, hepatitis B
[23]	China	8/22 (36%)	IFT, ELISA			LN, hepatitis B
[33]	China	7/24 (29%)	IFT	7/24 (29%)	IgG4 (5/6, biopsy)	psoriasis
[24]	China	5/46 (11%); 7/46	WB		IgG4	LN, cancer, hepatitis B
[21]	Korea	2/9 (22%)	WB			LN, cancer, hepatitis B, hepatitis C
[26]	China			2/69 (3%)	IgG4 (2/2, biopsy)	LN, cancer, hepatitis B, IgG4-RD