Research Article

Secular Changes of Adiposity in Czech Children Aged from 3 to 6 Years: Latent Obesity in Preschool Age

Table 2

Comparison of monitored parameters in current Czech preschool children aged 3–6 years with survey 1990, boys.

Age (years)3456
SampleSA ()SB () valuesSA ()SB () valuesSA ()SB () valuesSA ()SB () values
Mean (SD)Mean (SD)Mean (SD)Mean (SD)Mean (SD)Mean (SD)Mean (SD)Mean (SD)

Height (cm)101.9 (4.46)101.2 (4.96)0.333108.3 (3.90)107.6 (4.65)0.148114.3 (4.75)114.1 (5.20)0.683119.7 (5.06)120.6 (4.72)0.136
Weight (kg)15.5 (1.96)16.3 (2.00)0.00717.8 (2.00)18.00 (2.22)0.39319.5 (2.96)20.3 (3.22)0.00821.8 (3.04)22.9 (3.29)0.007
BMI (kg/m2)14.8 (1.36)15.8 (1.40)<0.00115.4 (1.32)15.6 (1.40)0.18114.9 (1.16)15.5 (1.60)<0.00114.7 (1.13)15.8 (1.80)<0.001
Body fat (%)23.3 (8.14)18.0 (4.34)<0.00123.3 (4.21)16.7 (4.42)<0.00120.2 (6.20)16.2 (5.10)<0.00122.1 (5.77)15.4 (5.51)<0.001
Sum of 10 skinfolds (mm)67.3 (22.80)57.6 (13.59)<0.00168.7 (11.70)53.8 (14.30)<0.00161.6 (17.75)53.2 (19.82)<0.00168.2 (15.58)52.3 (22.10)<0.001
Subscapular skinfold (mm 6.0 (2.80)4.4 (1.48)<0.001 5.1 (0.28) 4.1 (1.67)<0.001 5.0 (1.48) 4.0 (2.18)<0.001 5.5 (1.20) 4.1 (2.30)<0.001
Suprailiac skinfold (mm 5.4 (2.33)3.5 (1.70)<0.001 5.6 (1.52) 3.4 (1.69)<0.001 5.2 (1.35) 3.7 (2.90)<0.001 6.1 (1.62) 3.8 (3.13)<0.001
Triceps skinfold (mm 8.0 (3.34)9.4 (2.49)0.001 9.3 (3.44) 8.8 (2.54)0.100 8.6 (3.06) 8.8 (3.07)0.500 8.7 (3.38) 8.2 (3.12)0.210
Mid-thigh skinfold (mm14.0 (5.55)11.7 (3.39<0.00115.1 (3.73)11.4 (3.50)<0.00113.5 (5.30)11.5 (4.23)<0.00114.1 (5.22)10.8 (4.39)<0.001
Patella skinfold (mm11.4 (3.99)8.1 (3.09)<0.00110.9 (3.24) 7.0 (2.79)<0.001 8.9 (3.50) 6.6 (2.68)<0.001 9.3 (3.75) 6.0 (3.01)<0.001
Arm relax. circumf. (cm)16.3 (1.11)16.7 (1.11)0.01617.1 (1.40)17.0 (1.16)0.45217.0 (1.24)17.4 (1.58)0.00617.2 (1.18)18.0 (1.58)<0.001
Thigh medial circumf. (cm)28.3 (2.22)28.8 (2.12)0.11729.6 (2.03)29.8 (2.23)0.39730.4 (2.42)31.5 (2.91)<0.00131.3 (2.40)33.2 (2.64)<0.001

SA = sample A: survey 2014–2016, = 834 (421 girls, 413 boys); SB = sample B: survey 1990, = 2,624 (1,160 girls, 1,164 boys); = measured by Harpenden caliper.